PHP 개발에서 데이터베이스 트랜잭션 문제를 해결하는 방법

<?php

try {
    $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'username', 'password');
    $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

    $pdo->beginTransaction();
    
    // 执行一系列数据库操作
    
    $pdo->commit();
    
    echo "事务提交成功";
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    $pdo->rollBack();
    
    echo "事务回滚: " . $e->getMessage();
}

?>

<?php

function transferFunds($fromAccount, $toAccount, $amount) {
    try {
        $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'username', 'password');
        $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

        $pdo->beginTransaction();

        // 查询源账户余额
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT balance FROM accounts WHERE account_number = :fromAccount');
        $stmt->bindParam(':fromAccount', $fromAccount);
        $stmt->execute();
        $fromBalance = $stmt->fetchColumn();

        // 检查余额是否满足转账金额
        if ($fromBalance < $amount) {
            throw new Exception('余额不足');
        }

        // 更新源账户余额
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare('UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - :amount WHERE account_number = :fromAccount');
        $stmt->bindParam(':fromAccount', $fromAccount);
        $stmt->bindParam(':amount', $amount);
        $stmt->execute();

        // 更新目标账户余额
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare('UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + :amount WHERE account_number = :toAccount');
        $stmt->bindParam(':toAccount', $toAccount);
        $stmt->bindParam(':amount', $amount);
        $stmt->execute();

        $pdo->commit();
        
        echo "转账成功";
    } catch (PDOException $e) {
        $pdo->rollBack();
        
        echo "转账失败: " . $e->getMessage();
    }
}

// 使用示例
transferFunds('123456', '789012', 1000);

?>