Java 분산 시스템에서 데이터 일관성과 안정성을 달성하는 방법

public class DistributedTransaction {

    public void executeTransaction() {
        User user1 = getUserFromDatabase();
        User user2 = getUserFromDatabase();

        // 执行分布式事务
        try {
            UserTransaction transaction = (UserTransaction) new InitialContext().lookup("java:comp/UserTransaction");
            transaction.begin();

            // 执行数据库更新操作
            updateUserInDatabase(user1);
            updateUserInDatabase(user2);

            transaction.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // 处理事务异常
            e.printStackTrace();
            transaction.rollback();
        }
    }

    // 从数据库获取用户信息
    private User getUserFromDatabase() {
        // TODO: 从数据库查询用户信息
        return null;
    }

    // 更新数据库用户信息
    private void updateUserInDatabase(User user) {
        // TODO: 更新数据库用户信息
    }
}

public class DistributedLock {
    private static Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost");

    // 加锁操作
    public boolean lock(String key, String value, int expireTime) {
        Long result = jedis.setnx(key, value);
        if (result == 1) {
            jedis.pexpire(key, expireTime);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    // 解锁操作
    public void unlock(String key, String value) {
        String lockValue = jedis.get(key);
        if (value.equals(lockValue)) {
            jedis.del(key);
        }
    }
}

public class CircuitBreaker {

    private static final int MAX_FAILURE_COUNT = 5;
    private static final int RESET_TIMEOUT = 5000;

    private AtomicInteger failureCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
    private long lastFailureTime = -1;
    private boolean circuitOpen = false;

    public void executeOperation() {
        if (circuitOpen && System.currentTimeMillis() - lastFailureTime > RESET_TIMEOUT) {
            openCircuit();
        }

        if (circuitOpen) {
            // 处理熔断逻辑
            return;
        }

        try {
            // 执行操作
            ...
        } catch (Exception e) {
            handleException();
        }
    }

    private void handleException() {
        if (failureCount.incrementAndGet() >= MAX_FAILURE_COUNT) {
            openCircuit();
        }
    }

    private void openCircuit() {
        circuitOpen = true;
        lastFailureTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    }
}

public class MessageProducer {
    private static final String BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS = "localhost:9092";
    private static final String TOPIC = "my_topic";

    public void sendMessage(String message) {
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.put("bootstrap.servers", BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS);

        Producer<String, String> producer = new KafkaProducer<>(props);
        producer.send(new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, message));
        producer.close();
    }
}