PHP 개발에서 코드 품질과 유지 관리성을 최적화하는 방법

//类名采用驼峰命名法
class UserController {
    //方法名采用小写字母和下划线的混合命名法
    public function get_user_info() {
        //变量名采用小写字母和下划线的混合命名法
        $user_name = 'John';
        //常量名全部大写
        define('MAX_VALUE', 100);
        
        //...
    }
}

class UserController {
    /**
     * 获取用户信息
     * @param int $user_id 用户ID
     * @return array 用户信息数组
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public function get_user_info($user_id) {
        //...
    }
    
    /**
     * 将用户信息保存到数据库
     * @param array $user_info 用户信息数组
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public function save_user_info($user_info) {
        //...
    }
    
    //...
}

//UserController.php
class UserController {
    private $user_service;
    
    public function __construct(UserService $user_service) {
        $this->user_service = $user_service;
    }
    
    public function get_user_info($user_id) {
        $user_info = $this->user_service->get_user_info($user_id);
        //...
    }
    
    public function save_user_info($user_info) {
        $this->user_service->save_user_info($user_info);
        //...
    }
    
    //...
}

//UserService.php
class UserService {
    private $user_repository;
    
    public function __construct(UserRepository $user_repository) {
        $this->user_repository = $user_repository;
    }
    
    public function get_user_info($user_id) {
        $user_info = $this->user_repository->get_user_info($user_id);
        //...
        return $user_info;
    }
    
    public function save_user_info($user_info) {
        //...
        $this->user_repository->save_user_info($user_info);
    }
    
    //...
}

//UserRepository.php
class UserRepository {
    //...
}

//UserControllerTest.php
class UserControllerTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
    private $user_service;
    private $user_controller;
    
    protected function setUp() {
        $this->user_service = $this->getMockBuilder(UserService::class)
                                  ->disableOriginalConstructor()
                                  ->getMock();
        $this->user_controller = new UserController($this->user_service);
    }
    
    public function testGetUserInfo() {
        $user_id = 123;
        $user_info = ['id' => $user_id, 'name' => 'John'];
        
        $this->user_service->expects($this->once())
                           ->method('get_user_info')
                           ->with($this->equalTo($user_id))
                           ->willReturn($user_info);
        
        //...
    }
    
    public function testSaveUserInfo() {
        $user_info = ['id' => 123, 'name' => 'John'];
        
        //...
    }
    
    //...
}