PHP에서 최소 스패닝 트리 문제에 대한 최적의 솔루션을 얻기 위해 그리디 알고리즘을 사용하는 방법은 무엇입니까?

class Graph {
    public $vertices; // 图的顶点集合
    public $edges; // 图的边集合

    public function __construct() {
        $this->vertices = [];
        $this->edges = [];
    }

    public function addVertex($v) {
        $this->vertices[] = $v;
    }

    public function addEdge($v1, $v2, $weight) {
        $this->edges[] = [$v1, $v2, $weight];
    }
}

function prim($graph) {
    $vertices = $graph->vertices;
    $edges = $graph->edges;
    $numVertices = count($vertices);
    
    $visited = []; // 记录已访问的顶点
    $selectedEdges = []; // 记录最小生成树的边集合
    
    // 从第一个顶点开始构建最小生成树
    $visited[] = $vertices[0];
    
    while (count($selectedEdges) < $numVertices - 1) {
        $minWeight = PHP_INT_MAX; // 初始化最小权值为无穷大
        $selectedEdge = null; // 当前选中的边
        
        // 遍历已访问的顶点，找到与之相连的最小权值边
        foreach ($visited as $v) {
            foreach ($edges as $edge) {
                if ($v == $edge[0] && !in_array($edge[1], $visited) && $edge[2] < $minWeight) {
                    $minWeight = $edge[2];
                    $selectedEdge = $edge;
                }
            }
        }
        
        // 将选中的边添加到最小生成树的边集合中
        $selectedEdges[] = $selectedEdge;
        
        // 将与选中的边相连的顶点标记为已访问
        $visited[] = $selectedEdge[1];
    }
    
    return $selectedEdges;
}

// 创建一个示例图
$graph = new Graph();
$graph->addVertex('A');
$graph->addVertex('B');
$graph->addVertex('C');
$graph->addVertex('D');
$graph->addEdge('A', 'B', 1);
$graph->addEdge('A', 'C', 5);
$graph->addEdge('B', 'C', 3);
$graph->addEdge('B', 'D', 4);
$graph->addEdge('C', 'D', 2);

// 调用prim函数求解最小生成树
$selectedEdges = prim($graph);

// 输出最小生成树的边集合
foreach ($selectedEdges as $edge) {
    echo $edge[0] . '-' . $edge[1] . ': ' . $edge[2] . PHP_EOL;
}