yii에서 데이터베이스에 연결하는 방법

'components' => [
    'db' => [
        'class' => 'yii\db\Connection',
        'dsn' => 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=yii2advanced',
        'username' => 'root',
        'password' => '',
        'charset' => 'utf8',
    ],
    // ... ...
],
// ... ...

public $schemaMap = [
    'pgsql' => 'yii\db\pgsql\Schema', // PostgreSQL
    'mysqli' => 'yii\db\mysql\Schema', // MySQL
    'mysql' => 'yii\db\mysql\Schema', // MySQL
    'sqlite' => 'yii\db\sqlite\Schema', // sqlite 3
    'sqlite2' => 'yii\db\sqlite\Schema', // sqlite 2
    'sqlsrv' => 'yii\db\mssql\Schema', // newer MSSQL driver on MS Windows hosts
    'oci' => 'yii\db\oci\Schema', // Oracle driver
    'mssql' => 'yii\db\mssql\Schema', // older MSSQL driver on MS Windows hosts
    'dblib' => 'yii\db\mssql\Schema', // dblib drivers on GNU/Linux (and maybe other OSes) hosts
    'cubrid' => 'yii\db\cubrid\Schema', // CUBRID
];

abstract class Schema extends Object
{
    // 预定义16种基本字段类型，这16种类型是与DBMS无关的，具体到特定的DBMS时，Yii会自动
    // 转换成合适的数据库字段类型。
    const TYPE_PK = 'pk';
    const TYPE_BIGPK = 'bigpk';
    const TYPE_STRING = 'string';
    const TYPE_TEXT = 'text';
    const TYPE_SMALLINT = 'smallint';
    const TYPE_INTEGER = 'integer';
    const TYPE_BIGINT = 'bigint';
    const TYPE_FLOAT = 'float';
    const TYPE_DECIMAL = 'decimal';
    const TYPE_DATETIME = 'datetime';
    const TYPE_TIMESTAMP = 'timestamp';
    const TYPE_TIME = 'time';
    const TYPE_DATE = 'date';
    const TYPE_BINARY = 'binary';
    const TYPE_BOOLEAN = 'boolean';
    const TYPE_MONEY = 'money';
    // 加载表schema，需要子类具体实现
    abstract protected function loadTableSchema($name);
    // ... ...
}

class Schema extends \yii\db\Schema
{
    // 定义一个数据类型的映射关系
    public $typeMap = [
        'tinyint' => self::TYPE_SMALLINT,
        'bit' => self::TYPE_INTEGER,
        'smallint' => self::TYPE_SMALLINT,
        'mediumint' => self::TYPE_INTEGER,
        'int' => self::TYPE_INTEGER,
        'integer' => self::TYPE_INTEGER,
        'bigint' => self::TYPE_BIGINT,
        'float' => self::TYPE_FLOAT,
        'double' => self::TYPE_FLOAT,
        'real' => self::TYPE_FLOAT,
        'decimal' => self::TYPE_DECIMAL,
        'numeric' => self::TYPE_DECIMAL,
        'tinytext' => self::TYPE_TEXT,
        'mediumtext' => self::TYPE_TEXT,
        'longtext' => self::TYPE_TEXT,
        'longblob' => self::TYPE_BINARY,
        'blob' => self::TYPE_BINARY,
        'text' => self::TYPE_TEXT,
        'varchar' => self::TYPE_STRING,
        'string' => self::TYPE_STRING,
        'char' => self::TYPE_STRING,
        'datetime' => self::TYPE_DATETIME,
        'year' => self::TYPE_DATE,
        'date' => self::TYPE_DATE,
        'time' => self::TYPE_TIME,
        'timestamp' => self::TYPE_TIMESTAMP,
        'enum' => self::TYPE_STRING,
    ];
}

class TableSchema extends Object
{
    public $schemaName;             // 所属的Schema
    public $name;                   // 表名，不包含Schema部分
    public $fullName;               // 表的完整名称，可能包含一个Schema前缀。
    public $primaryKey = [];        // 主键
    public $sequenceName;           // 主键若使用sequence，该属性表示序列名
    public $foreignKeys = [];       // 外键
    public $columns = [];           // 字段
    // ... ...
}

class ColumnSchema extends Object
{
    public $name;               // 字段名
    public $allowNull;          // 是否可以为NULL
    /**
     * @var string abstract type of this column. Possible abstract types include:
     * string, text, boolean, smallint, integer, bigint, float, decimal, datetime,
     * timestamp, time, date, binary, and money.
     */
    public $type;               // 字段的类型
    /**
     * @var string the PHP type of this column. Possible PHP types include:
     * `string`, `boolean`, `integer`, `double`.
     */
    public $phpType;            // 字段类型对应的PHP数据类型
    /**
     * @var string the DB type of this column. Possible DB types vary according to the type of DBMS.
     */
    public $dbType;
    public $defaultValue;       // 字段默认值
    public $enumValues;         // 若字段为枚举类型，该属性用于表示可供枚举的值
    /**
     * @var integer display size of the column.
     */
    public $size;
    public $precision;          // 若字段为数值，该属性用于表示精度
    /**
     * @var integer scale of the column data, if it is numeric.
     */
    public $scale;
    /**
     * @var boolean whether this column is a primary key
     */
    public $isPrimaryKey;       // 是否是主键
    public $autoIncrement = false;      // 是否是自增长字段
    /**
     * @var boolean whether this column is unsigned. This is only meaningful
     * when [[type]] is `smallint`, `integer` or `bigint`.
     */
    public $unsigned;           // 是否是unsigned，仅对支持的类型有效
    public $comment;            // 字段描述信息
    /**
     * Converts the input value according to [[phpType]] after retrieval from the database.
     * If the value is null or an [[Expression]], it will not be converted.
     * @param mixed $value input value
     * @return mixed converted value
     */
    public function phpTypecast($value)
    {
        if ($value === '' && $this->type !== Schema::TYPE_TEXT && $this->type !== Schema::TYPE_STRING && $this->type !== Schema::TYPE_BINARY) {
            return null;
        }
        if ($value === null || gettype($value) === $this->phpType || $value instanceof Expression) {
            return $value;
        }
        switch ($this->phpType) {
            case 'resource':
            case 'string':
                return is_resource($value) ? $value : (string) $value;
            case 'integer':
                return (int) $value;
            case 'boolean':
                return (bool) $value;
            case 'double':
                return (double) $value;
        }
        return $value;
    }
    /**
     * Converts the input value according to [[type]] and [[dbType]] for use in a db query.
     * If the value is null or an [[Expression]], it will not be converted.
     * @param mixed $value input value
     * @return mixed converted value. This may also be an array containing the value as the first element
     * and the PDO type as the second element.
     */
    public function dbTypecast($value)
    {
        // the default implementation does the same as casting for PHP but it should be possible
        // to override this with annotation of explicit PDO type.
        return $this->phpTypecast($value);
    }
}