PHP에서 흔히 발생하는 오류는 무엇입니까?

$arr = array(1, 2, 3, 4); 
foreach ($arr as &$value) { 
    $value = $value * 2; 
} 
// $arr is now array(2, 4, 6, 8)

$array = [1, 2, 3]; 
echo implode(',', $array), "\n"; 
  
foreach ($array as &$value) {}    // by reference 
echo implode(',', $array), "\n"; 
  
foreach ($array as $value) {}     // by value (i.e., copy) 
echo implode(',', $array), "\n";

$arr = array(1, 2, 3, 4); 
foreach ($arr as &$value) { 
    $value = $value * 2; 
} 
unset($value);   // $value no longer references $arr[3]

$data = fetchRecordFromStorage($storage, $identifier); 
if (!isset($data['keyShouldBeSet']) { 
    // do something here if 'keyShouldBeSet' is not set 
}

if ($_POST['active']) { 
    $postData = extractSomething($_POST); 
} 
  
// ... 
  
if (!isset($postData)) { 
    echo 'post not active'; 
}

if ($_POST['active']) { 
    $postData = extractSomething($_POST); 
} 
  
// ... 
  
if ($_POST['active']) { 
    echo 'post not active'; 
}

$data = fetchRecordFromStorage($storage, $identifier); 
if (! array_key_exists('keyShouldBeSet', $data)) { 
    // do this if 'keyShouldBeSet' isn't set 
}

if (array_key_exists('varShouldBeSet', get_defined_vars())) { 
    // variable $varShouldBeSet exists in current scope 
}

class Config 
{ 
  private $values = []; 
 
  public function getValues() { 
    return $this->values; 
  } 
} 
 
$config = new Config(); 
 
$config->getValues()['test'] = 'test'; 
echo $config->getValues()['test'];

PHP Notice: Undefined index: test in /path/to/my/script.php on line 21

// getValues() returns a COPY of the $values array, so this adds a 'test' element 
// to a COPY of the $values array, but not to the $values array itself. 
$config->getValues()['test'] = 'test'; 
 
// getValues() again returns ANOTHER COPY of the $values array, and THIS copy doesn't 
// contain a 'test' element (which is why we get the "undefined index" message). 
echo $config->getValues()['test'];

$vals = $config->getValues(); 
$vals['test'] = 'test'; 
echo $vals['test'];

class Config 
{ 
  private $values = []; 
 
  // return a REFERENCE to the actual $values array 
  public function &getValues() { 
    return $this->values; 
  } 
} 
 
$config = new Config(); 
 
$config->getValues()['test'] = 'test'; 
echo $config->getValues()['test'];

class Config 
{ 
  private $values; 
 
  // using ArrayObject rather than array 
  public function __construct() { 
    $this->values = new ArrayObject(); 
  } 
 
  public function getValues() { 
    return $this->values; 
  } 
} 
 
$config = new Config(); 
 
$config->getValues()['test'] = 'test'; 
echo $config->getValues()['test'];

class Config 
{ 
  private $values = []; 
 
  public function setValue($key, $value) { 
    $this->values[$key] = $value; 
  } 
 
  public function getValue($key) { 
    return $this->values[$key]; 
  } 
} 
 
$config = new Config(); 
 
$config->setValue('testKey', 'testValue'); 
echo $config->getValue('testKey');  // echos 'testValue'

$models = []; 
 
foreach ($inputValues as $inputValue) { 
  $models[] = $valueRepository->findByValue($inputValue); 
}

$result = $connection->query("SELECT `x`,`y` FROM `values` WHERE `value`=" . $inputValue);

$data = []; 
foreach ($ids as $id) { 
  $result = $connection->query("SELECT `x`, `y` FROM `values` WHERE `id` = " . $id); 
  $data[] = $result->fetch_row(); 
}

$data = []; 
if (count($ids)) { 
  $result = $connection->query("SELECT `x`, `y` FROM `values` WHERE `id` IN (" . implode(',', $ids)); 
  while ($row = $result->fetch_row()) { 
    $data[] = $row; 
  } 
}

// connect to mysql 
$connection = new mysqli('localhost', 'username', 'password', 'database'); 
 
// create table of 400 columns 
$query = 'CREATE TABLE `test`(`id` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT'; 
for ($col = 0; $col < 400; $col++) { 
  $query .= ", `col$col` CHAR(10) NOT NULL"; 
} 
$query .= &#39;);&#39;; 
$connection->query($query); 
 
// write 2 million rows 
for ($row = 0; $row < 2000000; $row++) { 
  $query = "INSERT INTO `test` VALUES ($row"; 
  for ($col = 0; $col < 400; $col++) { 
    $query .= &#39;, &#39; . mt_rand(1000000000, 9999999999); 
  } 
  $query .= &#39;)&#39;; 
  $connection->query($query); 
}

// connect to mysql 
$connection = new mysqli('localhost', 'username', 'password', 'database'); 
echo "Before: " . memory_get_peak_usage() . "\n"; 
 
$res = $connection->query('SELECT `x`,`y` FROM `test` LIMIT 1'); 
echo "Limit 1: " . memory_get_peak_usage() . "\n"; 
 
$res = $connection->query('SELECT `x`,`y` FROM `test` LIMIT 10000'); 
echo "Limit 10000: " . memory_get_peak_usage() . "\n";

Before: 224704 
Limit 1: 224704 
Limit 10000: 224704

PHP Warning: mysqli::query(): (HY000/2013): 
       Lost connection to MySQL server during query in /root/test.php on line 11

Before: 232048 
Limit 1: 324952 
Limit 10000: 32572912

$totalNumberToFetch = 10000; 
$portionSize = 100; 
 
for ($i = 0; $i <= ceil($totalNumberToFetch / $portionSize); $i++) { 
  $limitFrom = $portionSize * $i; 
  $res = $connection->query( 
             "SELECT `x`,`y` FROM `test` LIMIT $limitFrom, $portionSize"); 
}

// js 
$.ajax({ 
  url: 'http://my.site/some/path', 
  method: 'post', 
  data: JSON.stringify({a: 'a', b: 'b'}), 
  contentType: 'application/json'
});

// php 
var_dump($_POST);

array(0) { }

// php 
$_POST = json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), true);

array(2) { ["a"]=> string(1) "a" ["b"]=> string(1) "b" }

for ($c = &#39;a&#39;; $c <= &#39;z&#39;; $c++) { 
  echo $c . "\n"; 
}

for ($i = ord(&#39;a&#39;); $i <= ord(&#39;z&#39;); $i++) { 
  echo chr($i) . "\n"; 
}

$letters = range('a', 'z'); 
 
for ($i = 0; $i < count($letters); $i++) { 
  echo $letters[$i] . "\n"; 
}

// PHP 5.0 or later: 
$array = []; 
var_dump(empty($array));    // outputs bool(true) 
$array = new ArrayObject(); 
var_dump(empty($array));    // outputs bool(false) 
// why don't these both produce the same output?

// Prior to PHP 5.0: 
$array = []; 
var_dump(empty($array));    // outputs bool(false) 
$array = new ArrayObject(); 
var_dump(empty($array));    // outputs bool(false)

// Note that this work in ALL versions of PHP (both pre and post 5.0): 
$array = []; 
var_dump(count($array));    // outputs int(0) 
$array = new ArrayObject(); 
var_dump(count($array));    // outputs int(0)

class Regular 
{ 
  public $test = 'value'; 
}

class Magic 
{ 
  private $values = ['test' => 'value']; 
 
  public function __get($key) 
  { 
    if (isset($this->values[$key])) { 
      return $this->values[$key]; 
    } 
  } 
}

$regular = new Regular(); 
var_dump($regular->test);  // outputs string(4) "value" 
$magic = new Magic(); 
var_dump($magic->test);   // outputs string(4) "value"

var_dump(empty($regular->test));  // outputs bool(false) 
var_dump(empty($magic->test));   // outputs bool(true)

Notice: Undefined property: Regular::$nonExistantTest in /path/to/test.php on line 10 
 
Call Stack: 
  0.0012   234704  1. {main}() /path/to/test.php:0