Python의 컬렉션 모듈에 대한 간략한 소개(예제 포함)

from collections import namedtuple
point = namedtuple('point',['x','y'])
p=point(1,2)
print(p.x)
print(p.y)

>>1
>>2

from collections import deque
q=deque(['a','b','c'])
q.append('x')
q.appendleft('y')
print(q)

>>deque(['y', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'x'])

from collections import Counter
#创建一个空的类
c=Counter()
#从一个可迭代对象中创建
c=Counter('gallahad')
#从一个字典对象创建
c=Counter({'a':2,'b':4})
#从一组键值对创建
c=Counter(a=2,b=4)

c=Counter('gallahad')
print(c['a'])
print(c['z'])
>>3
>>0

c=Counter('gallahad')
c.update('chengzheng')
print(c['e'])
>>2
d=Counter('holloword')
c.update(d)
print(c['l'])
>>4

c=Counter('gallahad')
c.subtract('g')
print(c['g'])
>>0
d=Counter('all')
c.subtract(d)
print(c['l'])
>>0

c=Counter('gallahad')
print(c)
c['a']=0
print(c)
del c['l']
print(c)
>>Counter({'a': 3, 'l': 2, 'g': 1, 'h': 1, 'd': 1})
>>Counter({'l': 2, 'g': 1, 'h': 1, 'd': 1, 'a': 0})
>>Counter({'g': 1, 'h': 1, 'd': 1, 'a': 0})

c =Counter(a=4,b=2,c=0,d=-2)
a =list(c.elements())
print(a)
>>['a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b']

c =Counter('xsgffikgkhgdyrduykkf')
a =c.most_common(3)
print(a)

sum(c.values())  # 所有计数的总数
c.clear()  # 重置Counter对象，注意不是删除
list(c)  # 将c中的键转为列表
set(c)  # 将c中的键转为set
dict(c)  # 将c中的键值对转为字典
c.items()  # 转为(elem, cnt)格式的列表
Counter(dict(list_of_pairs))  # 从(elem, cnt)格式的列表转换为Counter类对象
c.most_common()[:-n:-1]  # 取出计数最少的n个元素
c += Counter()  # 移除0和负值

d=dict([('a',1),('b',2),('c',3)])
print(d)
od=OrderedDict([('a',1),('b',2),('c',3)])
print(od)
>>{'c': 3, 'b': 2, 'a': 1}
>>OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)])

od=OrderedDict([('a',1),('c',3),('b',2)])
print(od)
>>OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('c', 3), ('b', 2)])

values = [11, 22, 33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90]
my_dict = defaultdict(list)
for value in  values:
    if value>66:
        my_dict['k1'].append(value)
    else:
        my_dict['k2'].append(value)
print(my_dict)