Java String 클래스의 내용에 대한 종합 분석(코드 포함)

public final class String
    implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence

    /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6849794470754667710L;

    /**
     * Class String is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
     *
     * A String instance is written into an ObjectOutputStream according to
     * <a href="{@docRoot}/../platform/serialization/spec/output.html">
     * Object Serialization Specification, Section 6.2, "Stream Elements"</a>
     */
    private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
        new ObjectStreamField[0];

 public static final Comparator<String> CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER
                                         = new CaseInsensitiveComparator();
private static class CaseInsensitiveComparator
            implements Comparator<String>, java.io.Serializable {
        // use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.2.2 for interoperability
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 8575799808933029326L;

        public int compare(String s1, String s2) {
            int n1 = s1.length();
            int n2 = s2.length();
            int min = Math.min(n1, n2);
            for (int i = 0; i < min; i++) {
                char c1 = s1.charAt(i);
                char c2 = s2.charAt(i);
                if (c1 != c2) {
                    c1 = Character.toUpperCase(c1);
                    c2 = Character.toUpperCase(c2);
                    if (c1 != c2) {
                        c1 = Character.toLowerCase(c1);
                        c2 = Character.toLowerCase(c2);
                        if (c1 != c2) {
                            // No overflow because of numeric promotion
                            return c1 - c2;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return n1 - n2;
        }

        /** Replaces the de-serialized object. */
        private Object readResolve() { return CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER; }
    }

public class StringConstPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s1 = "hello world";
        String s2 = new String("hello world");
        String s3 = "hello world";
        String s4 = new String("hello world");
        String s5 = "hello " + "world";
        String s6 = "hel" + "lo world";
        String s7 = "hello";
        String s8 = s7 + " world";
        
        System.out.println("s1 == s2: " + String.valueOf(s1 == s2) );
        System.out.println("s1.equals(s2): " + String.valueOf(s1.equals(s2)));
        System.out.println("s1 == s3: " + String.valueOf(s1 == s3));
        System.out.println("s1.equals(s3): " + String.valueOf(s1.equals(s3)));
        System.out.println("s2 == s4: " + String.valueOf(s2 == s4));
        System.out.println("s2.equals(s4): " + String.valueOf(s2.equals(s4)));
        System.out.println("s5 == s6: " + String.valueOf(s5 == s6));
        System.out.println("s1 == s8: " + String.valueOf(s1 == s8));
    }
}
/* output
s1 == s2: false
s1.equals(s2): true
s1 == s3: true
s1.equals(s3): true
s2 == s4: false
s2.equls(s4): true
s5 == s6: true
s1 == s8: false
 */

➜ ～ javap -c StringConstPool.class
Compiled from "StringConstPool.java"
public class io.github.jshanet.thinkinginjava.constpool.StringConstPool {
  public io.github.jshanet.thinkinginjava.constpool.StringConstPool();
    Code:
       0: aload_0
       1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
       4: return

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: ldc           #2                  // String hello world
       2: astore_1
       3: return
}

public class io.github.jshanet.thinkinginjava.constpool.StringConstPool {
  public io.github.jshanet.thinkinginjava.constpool.StringConstPool();
    Code:
       0: aload_0
       1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
       4: return

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: ldc           #2                  // String hello
       2: astore_1
       3: new           #3                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
       6: dup
       7: invokespecial #4                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
      10: aload_1
      11: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      14: ldc           #6                  // String  world
      16: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      19: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
      22: astore_2
      23: return
}

    /**
     * Returns a canonical representation for the string object.
     * <p>
     * A pool of strings, initially empty, is maintained privately by the
     * class {@code String}.
     * <p>
     * When the intern method is invoked, if the pool already contains a
     * string equal to this {@code String} object as determined by
     * the {@link #equals(Object)} method, then the string from the pool is
     * returned. Otherwise, this {@code String} object is added to the
     * pool and a reference to this {@code String} object is returned.
     * <p>
     * It follows that for any two strings {@code s} and {@code t},
     * {@code s.intern() == t.intern()} is {@code true}
     * if and only if {@code s.equals(t)} is {@code true}.
     * <p>
     * All literal strings and string-valued constant expressions are
     * interned. String literals are defined in section 3.10.5 of the
     * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
     *
     * @return  a string that has the same contents as this string, but is
     *          guaranteed to be from a pool of unique strings.
     */
    public native String intern();

public class StringConstPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s1 = "hello";
        String s2 = new String("hello");
        String s3 = s2.intern();
        System.out.println("s1 == s2: " + String.valueOf(s1 == s2));
        System.out.println("s1 == s3: " + String.valueOf(s1 == s3));
    }
}
/* output
s1 == s2: false
s1 == s3: true
*/