PHP多进程实践
pcntl_fork() 创建一个进程，在父进程返回值是子进程的pid，在子进程返回值是0，-1表示创建进程失败。跟C非常相似。
测试脚本 test.php
// example of multiple processes
date_default_timezone_set( 'Asia/Chongqing');
echo "parent start, pid ", getmypid(), "\n" ;
beep();
for ($i=0; $i<3; ++$i){
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ($pid == -1){
die ("cannot fork" );
} else if ($pid > 0){
echo "parent continue \n";
for ($k=0; $k<2; ++$k){
beep();
}
} else if ($pid == 0){
echo "child start, pid ", getmypid(), "\n" ;
for ($j=0; $j<5; ++$j){
beep();
}
exit ;
}
}
// ***
function beep(){
echo getmypid(), "\t" , date( 'Y-m-d H:i:s', time()), "\n" ;
sleep(1);
}
用命令行运行
#php -f test.php
输出结果
parent start, pid 1793
1793 2013-01-14 15:04:17
parent continue
1793 2013-01-14 15:04:18
child start, pid 1794
1794 2013-01-14 15:04:18
1794 2013-01-14 15:04:19
1793 2013-01-14 15:04:19
1794 2013-01-14 15:04:20
parent continue
1793 2013-01-14 15:04:20
child start, pid 1795
1795 2013-01-14 15:04:20
17931794 2013-01-14 15:04:212013-01-14 15:04:21
1795 2013-01-14 15:04:21
1794 2013-01-14 15:04:22
1795 2013-01-14 15:04:22
parent continue
1793 2013-01-14 15:04:22
child start, pid 1796
1796 2013-01-14 15:04:22
1793 2013-01-14 15:04:23
1796 2013-01-14 15:04:23
1795 2013-01-14 15:04:23
1795 2013-01-14 15:04:24
1796 2013-01-14 15:04:24
1796 2013-01-14 15:04:25
1796 2013-01-14 15:04:26
从中看到，创建了3个子进程，和父进程一起并行运行。其中有一行格式跟其他有些不同，
17931794 2013-01-14 15:04:212013-01-14 15:04:21
因为两个进程同时进行写操作，造成了冲突。
用直接方式，父进程创建了子进程后，并没有等待子进程结束，而是继续运行。似乎这里看不到有什么问题。如果php脚本并不是运行完后自动结束，而是常驻内存的，就会造成子进程无法回收的问题。也就是僵尸进程。可以通过pcntl_wai()方法等待进程结束，然后回收已经结束的进程。
将测试脚本改成：
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ($pid == -1){
...
} else if ($pid > 0){
echo "parent continue \n";
pcntl_wait($status);
for ($k=0; $k<2; ++$k){
beep();
}
} else if ($pid == 0){
...
}用命令行运行
#php -f test.php
输出结果
parent start, pid 1807
1807 2013-01-14 15:20:05
parent continue
child start, pid 1808
1808 2013-01-14 15:20:06
1808 2013-01-14 15:20:07
1808 2013-01-14 15:20:08
1808 2013-01-14 15:20:09
1808 2013-01-14 15:20:10
1807 2013-01-14 15:20:11
1807 2013-01-14 15:20:12
parent continue
child start, pid 1809
1809 2013-01-14 15:20:13
1809 2013-01-14 15:20:14
1809 2013-01-14 15:20:15
1809 2013-01-14 15:20:16
1809 2013-01-14 15:20:17
1807 2013-01-14 15:20:18
1807 2013-01-14 15:20:19
child start, pid 1810
1810 2013-01-14 15:20:20
parent continue
1810 2013-01-14 15:20:21
1810 2013-01-14 15:20:22
1810 2013-01-14 15:20:23
1810 2013-01-14 15:20:24
1807 2013-01-14 15:20:25
1807 2013-01-14 15:20:26
父进程在pcntl_wait()将自己阻塞，等待子进程运行完了才接着运行。
阻塞方式失去了多进程的并行性。还有一种方法，既可以回收已经结束的子进程，又可以并行。这就是非阻塞的方式。
修改脚本：
// example of multiple processes
date_default_timezone_set( 'Asia/Chongqing');
declare (ticks = 1);
pcntl_signal(SIGCHLD, "garbage" );
echo "parent start, pid ", getmypid(), "\n" ;
beep();
for ($i=0; $i<3; ++$i){
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ($pid == -1){
die ("cannot fork" );
} else if ($pid > 0){
echo "parent continue \n";
for ($k=0; $k<2; ++$k){
beep();
}
} else if ($pid == 0){
echo "child start, pid ", getmypid(), "\n" ;
for ($j=0; $j<5; ++$j){
beep();
}
exit (0);
}
}
// parent
while (1){
// do something else
sleep(5);
}
// ***
function garbage($signal){
echo "signel $signal received\n" ;
while (($pid = pcntl_waitpid(-1, $status, WNOHANG))> 0){
echo "\t child end pid $pid , status $status\n" ;
}
}
function beep(){
echo getmypid(), "\t" , date( 'Y-m-d H:i:s', time()), "\n" ;
sleep(1);
}
用命令行运行
#php -f test.php &
输出结果
parent start, pid 2066
2066 2013-01-14 16:45:34
parent continue
2066 2013-01-14 16:45:35
child start, pid 2067
2067 2013-01-14 16:45:35
20662067 2013-01-14 16:45:362013-01-14 16:45:36
2067 2013-01-14 16:45:37
parent continue
2066 2013-01-14 16:45:37
child start, pid 2068
2068 2013-01-14 16:45:37
2067 2013-01-14 16:45:38
2068 2013-01-14 16:45:38
2066 2013-01-14 16:45:38
parent continue
2066 2013-01-14 16:45:40
child start, pid 2069
2069 2067 2013-01-14 16:45:40
2013-01-14 16:45:40
2068 2013-01-14 16:45:40
2066 2013-01-14 16:45:41
2069 2013-01-14 16:45:41
2068 2013-01-14 16:45:41
signel 17 received
child end pid 2067, status 0
2069 2013-01-14 16:45:42
2068 2013-01-14 16:45:42
2069 2013-01-14 16:45:43
signel 17 received
child end pid 2068, status 0
2069 2013-01-14 16:45:44
signel 17 received
child end pid 2069, status 0
多个进程又并行运行了，而且运行大约10秒钟之后，用 ps -ef | grep php 查看正在运行的进程，只有一个进程
lqling 2066 1388 0 16:45 pts/1 00:00:00 php -f t5.php
是父进程，子进程被回收了。
pcntl_waitpid(-1, $status, WNOHANG) $status 返回子进程的结束状态
windows系统不支持pcntl函数，幸好有curl_multi_exec()这个工具，利用内部的多线程，访问多个链接，每个链接可以作为一个任务。
编写脚本 test1.php
date_default_timezone_set( 'Asia/Chongqing');
$tasks = array(
'http://localhost/feedbowl/t2.php?job=task1',
'http://localhost/feedbowl/t2.php?job=task2',
'http://localhost/feedbowl/t2.php?job=task3'
);
$mh = curl_multi_init();
foreach ($tasks as $i => $task){
$ch[$i] = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch[$i], CURLOPT_URL, $task);
curl_setopt($ch[$i], CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch[$i]);
}
do {$mrc = curl_multi_exec($mh,$active); } while ($mrc == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
while ($active && $mrc == CURLM_OK) {
if (curl_multi_select($mh) != -1) {
do {$mrc = curl_multi_exec($mh, $active); } while ($mrc == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
}
}
// completed, checkout result
foreach ($tasks as $j => $task){
if (curl_error($ch[$j])){
echo "task ${j} [$task ] error " , curl_error($ch[$j]), "\r\n" ;
} else {
echo "task ${j} [$task ] get: \r\n" , curl_multi_getcontent($ch[$j]), "\r\n" ;
}
}
编写脚本 test2.php
date_default_timezone_set( 'Asia/Chongqing');
echo "child start, pid ", getmypid(), "\r\n" ;
for ($i=0; $i<5; ++$i){
beep();
}
exit (0);
// ***
function beep(){
echo getmypid(), "\t" , date('Y-m-d H:i:s' , time()), "\r\n";
sleep(1);
}
用命令行运行
#php -f test1.php &
输出结果
task 0 [http://localhost/feedbowl/t2.php?job=task1] get:
child start, pid 5804
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:35
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:36
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:37
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:38
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:39
task 1 [http://localhost/feedbowl/t2.php?job=task2] get:
child start, pid 5804
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:35
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:36
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:37
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:38
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:39
task 2 [http://localhost/feedbowl/t2.php?job=task3] get:
child start, pid 5804
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:35
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:36
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:37
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:38
5804 2013-01-15 20:22:39
从打印的时间看到，多个任务几乎是同时运行的。
![[웹 프런트엔드] Node.js 빠른 시작](https://img.php.cn/upload/course/000/000/067/662b5d34ba7c0227.png)
