MongoDB 배포 확보 : 포괄적 인 체크리스트

启用身份验证和基于角色的访问控制（RBAC），使用SCRAM创建最小权限用户并定期轮换凭证；2. 限制网络访问，绑定内网IP并配置防火墙或云安全组仅允许受信任IP连接；3. 启用数据静态和传输加密，使用TLS/SSL及MongoDB原生或文件系统级加密；4. 加固配置并禁用危险功能，如关闭HTTP接口、禁用本地认证绕过并以非root用户运行；5. 启用审计日志并集中收集，设置失败登录、未授权访问等告警；6. 定期测试验证，执行扫描、渗透测试、季度权限审查并保持版本更新。遵循此清单可消除多数导致 breaches 的常见错误配置，确保MongoDB安全。

Securing your MongoDB deployment isn’t just about enabling a few settings—it’s about layering defenses across authentication, network, data, and monitoring. Whether you're running MongoDB on-prem, in the cloud, or as a managed service like Atlas, this checklist covers the essentials you must address to reduce risk and meet compliance standards.

? 1. Enable Authentication and Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Don’t rely on defaults—MongoDB’s out-of-the-box setup often assumes a trusted network. That’s dangerous.

• Use SCRAM (not MONGODB-CR) for user authentication—it’s more secure.
• Create users with the least privilege necessary using built-in roles (read, readWrite, dbAdmin) or custom roles.
• Avoid using wildcards like dbAdminAnyDatabase unless absolutely necessary.
• Rotate credentials regularly and avoid hardcoded passwords in configs or apps.

? Pro tip: Always create an admin user before enabling auth—otherwise, you’ll lock yourself out.

? 2. Lock Down Network Access

If your database is exposed to the internet without restrictions, you’re a breach waiting to happen.

• Bind MongoDB to internal IPs only (bindIp in mongod.conf)—not 0.0.0.0.
• Use firewall rules (e.g., AWS Security Groups, iptables) to restrict access to trusted IPs/subnets.
• For cloud deployments, disable public access unless required—and even then, use IP whitelisting.
• If using MongoDB Atlas, configure IP Access List to limit who can connect.

✅ Example: Only allow your app servers and monitoring tools to reach port 27017.

? 3. Encrypt Data at Rest and in Transit

Unencrypted data is low-hanging fruit for attackers.

• Enable TLS/SSL for all client-to-server and replica set communications (net.ssl.* in config).
• Use MongoDB’s native encryption at rest (available in Enterprise or Atlas), or rely on filesystem-level encryption (e.g., AWS EBS with KMS).
• Rotate TLS certificates and encryption keys periodically—don’t let them expire!

?️ For self-managed: Use openssl to generate certs and test connectivity before enforcing TLS.

? 4. Harden Configuration and Disable Dangerous Features

Default configs are convenient—but not secure.

• Set security.authorization: enabled in mongod.conf.
• Disable HTTP interface (net.http.enabled: false) and REST API if not needed.
• Turn off enableLocalhostAuthBypass—it allows local users to skip auth (dangerous on shared hosts).
• Run MongoDB as a dedicated, non-root OS user (mongod or similar).

⚠️ Common mistake: Leaving --noauth flag or skipping config file entirely in dev/test envs—then forgetting to fix it in prod.

? 5. Monitor, Log, and Alert

You can’t secure what you can’t see.

• Enable audit logging (auditLog.destination: file, auditLog.format: JSON) to track access and changes.
• Forward logs to a centralized system (e.g., ELK, Splunk, CloudWatch).
• Set up alerts for:
  • Failed login attempts
  • Unauthorized access attempts
  • Configuration changes
• Use MongoDB Cloud Manager, Ops Manager, or Atlas metrics for real-time visibility.

? Bonus: Use MongoDB’s currentOp() and db.currentOp() to spot suspicious long-running queries.

? 6. Test and Validate Regularly

Security isn’t a one-time setup—it’s ongoing.

• Run automated scans using tools like MongoDB’s own security checklist script or third-party tools like nmap or mongoaudit.
• Perform penetration testing on your MongoDB instances (with permission!).
• Review user roles and access logs quarterly—revoke unused accounts.
• Keep MongoDB updated—patch known vulnerabilities (check MongoDB Security Advisories).

? Automate where possible: Use IaC (like Terraform or Ansible) to enforce secure configs across environments.

Bottom line: Securing MongoDB is a mix of smart defaults, proactive monitoring, and continuous validation. Follow this checklist, and you’ll eliminate 90% of common misconfigurations that lead to breaches. The rest? Stay vigilant.

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