Jest를 사용하여 JavaScript에서 window.open() 테스트하기

// MyForm.js
import React, { useState } from "react";

const MyForm = ({ baseURL }) => {
  const [name, setName] = useState("");
  const [subject, setSubject] = useState("");

  const onSubmit = () => {
    window.open(
      `${baseURL}?name=${encodeURIComponent(name)}&subject=${encodeURIComponent(
        subject
      )}`,
      "_blank"
    );
  };

  return (
    <form onSubmit={onSubmit}>
      <label htmlFor="name">Name</label>
      <input name="name">



<p>Now we have our component, lets think about the test for it.</p>

<h2>
  
  
  What I’d normally test
</h2>

<p>Normally I would test what has been rendered in my component, using assertions such as expect the component to have text content or assert the url is what is expected (using window.location.href), but I quickly realised that approach won’t work in jest for this example.</p>

<p>Window.open opens a new browser window, so it doesn’t affect the component we are testing. We can’t see what is inside the new window or what its url is as it is outside of the scope of the component we are testing.</p>

<p>So how do we test something that is outside of what we can see? We don’t actually need to test that a new window is opened as that would be testing the window interface’s functionality and not our code. Instead, we just need to test that the window.open method is called.</p>

<h2>
  
  
  Mocking window.open()
</h2>

<p>Therefore we need to mock window.open() and test that it was called inside our code.<br>
</p>

<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">// Mock window.open
global.open = jest.fn();

fireEvent.input(screen.getByLabelText("Name"), {
  target: {
    value: "Test Name",
  },
});
fireEvent.input(screen.getByLabelText("Subject"), {
  target: {
    value: "An example subject",
  },
});
fireEvent.submit(
  screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Submit (opens in new window)" })
);

await waitFor(() => {
  expect(global.open).toHaveBeenCalled();
});

await waitFor(() => {
  expect(global.open).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
});

await waitFor(() => {
  expect(global.open).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
    "http://example.com?name=Test%20Name&subject=An%20example%20subject",
    "_blank"
  );
});

// MyForm.test.js
import React from "react";
import { fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from "@testing-library/react";
import MyForm from "./MyForm";

describe("MyForm test", () => {
  beforeEach(() => {
    // Mock window.open
    global.open = jest.fn();
  });

  it("opens a new window with the correct url", async () => {
    render(<MyForm baseURL="http://example.com" />);

    fireEvent.input(screen.getByLabelText("Name"), {
      target: {
        value: "Test Name",
      },
    });
    fireEvent.input(screen.getByLabelText("Subject"), {
      target: {
        value: "An example subject",
      },
    });
    fireEvent.submit(
      screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Submit (opens in new window)" })
    );

    await waitFor(() => {
      expect(global.open).toHaveBeenCalled();
      expect(global.open).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
      expect(global.open).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        "http://example.com?name=Test%20Name&subject=An%20example%20subject",
        "_blank"
      );
    });
  });
});