Go에서 WaitGroups 및 버퍼링된 채널을 사용할 때 교착 상태가 어떻게 발생할 수 있나요?

<code class="go">package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    ch := make(chan []int, 4)
    var m []int

    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go func() {
            defer wg.Done()
            ch <- m // Send to channel
            return
        }()
    }
    wg.Wait() // Wait for all goroutines to complete

    for c := range ch {
        fmt.Printf("c is %v", c) // Iterate over channel
    }
}</code>

<code class="go">ch := make(chan []int, 5) // Increase channel capacity
...
wg.Wait()
close(ch) // Close the channel to stop range loop</code>

<code class="go">func main() {
    ch := make(chan []int, 4)
    var m []int

    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go func() {
            ch <- m
            wg.Done() // Signal completion within goroutine
            return
        }()
    }
    go func() {
        for c := range ch {
            fmt.Printf("c is %v\n", c)
            wg.Done() //Decrement count for each iteration
        }
    }()
    wg.Wait()
}</code>