Python에서 비밀번호로 보호된 문자열을 어떻게 안전하게 암호화할 수 있나요?

<code class="python">from cryptography.fernet import Fernet

# Generate a random 32-byte key (securely store it)
key = Fernet.generate_key()

# Encrypt and decrypt messages using the key
def encrypt(message, key):
    return Fernet(key).encrypt(message.encode())

def decrypt(token, key):
    return Fernet(key).decrypt(token).decode()</code>

<code class="python">import base64

def obscure(data):
    return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(data)

def unobscure(obscured):
    return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(obscured)</code>

<code class="python">import hmac
import hashlib

def sign(data, key, algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
    return hmac.new(key, data, algorithm).digest()

def verify(signature, data, key, algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
    return hmac.compare_digest(expected, signature)</code>

<code class="python">from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend

def aes_gcm_encrypt(message, key):
    # ... (Implementation omitted for brevity)

def aes_gcm_decrypt(token, key):
    # ... (Implementation omitted for brevity)</code>