환경 변수에 항상 유형 안전성을 추가해야 하는 이유는 무엇입니까?

import {z} from 'zod';

const myBoolean = z.boolean();

myBoolean.parse('true'); // throws error
myBoolean.parse(true) // valid

import { z } from 'zod';

const userSchema = z.object({
    name: z.string(),
    age: z.number(),
    address: z.object({
        house_no: z.string(),
        locality: z.string(),
        city: z.string(),
        state: z.string(),
    })
});

import {createEnv} from "@t3-oss/env-nextjs"; import {z} from "zod";

export const env = createEnv({
  /*
   * Serverside Environment variables, not available on the client.
   * Will throw if you access these variables on the client.
   */
  server: {
    DB_URI: z.string().url(),
  },
  /*
   * Environment variables available on the client (and server).
   *
   * You'll get type errors if these are not prefixed with NEXT_PUBLIC_.
   */
  client: {
    NEXT_PUBLIC_CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY: z.string().min(1),
  },
  /*
   * Due to how Next.js bundles environment variables on Edge and Client,
   * we need to manually destructure them to make sure all are included in bundle.
   *
   * You'll get type errors if not all variables from `server` & `client` are included here.
   */
  runtimeEnv: {
    DB_URI: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
    NEXT_PUBLIC_CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY:
      process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY,
  },
});

import {env} from '@/env';

const CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY = env.NEXT_PUBLISHABLE_KEY;

import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
import createJiti from "jiti";
const jiti = createJiti(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));

jiti("./app/env");

import {fileURLToPath} from 'node:url';

// Convert the file URL to a path
const filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);

import dotenv from "dotenv";
import { z } from "zod";

dotenv.config();

const schema = z.object({
  MONGO_URI: z.string(),
  PORT: z.coerce.number(),
  JWT_SECRET: z.string(),
  NODE_ENV: z
    .enum(["development", "production", "test"])
    .default("development"),
});

const parsed = schema.safeParse(process.env);

if (!parsed.success) {
  console.error(
    "❌ Invalid environment variables:",
    JSON.stringify(parsed.error.format(), null, 4)
  );
  process.exit(1);
}

export default parsed.data;

import express from "express";
import env from "./env";

const app = express();
const PORT = env.PORT || 5000; // PORT is type safe here....

app.listen(PORT, () => {
console.log("Connected to server on PORT ${PORT}");
connectDB();
});