기능

## Default parameters
const bookings = [];

const createBooking = function(flightNum, numPassengers=1, price= 100 * numPassengers){
  // It will work for parameters defined before in the list like numPassengers is defined before its used in expression of next argument else it won't work.
  // Arguments cannot be skipped also with this method. If you want to skip an argument, then manually pass undefined value for it which is equivalent to skipping an argument
  /* Setting default values pre-ES6 days.
  numPassengers = numPassengers || 1;
  price = price || 199;*/

// Using enhanced object literal, where if same property name & value is there, just write them once as shown below.
  const booking = {
    flightNum,
    numPassengers,
    price,
  };

  console.log(booking);
  bookings.push(booking);
}

createBooking('AI123');
/*
{
  flightNum: 'AI123',
  numPassengers: 1,
  price: 100
}
*/ 

createBooking('IN523',7);
/*
{
  flightNum: 'IN523',
  numPassengers: 7,
  price: 700
}
*/ 

createBooking('SJ523',5);
/*
{
  flightNum: 'SJ523',
  numPassengers: 5,
  price: 500
} 
*/ 

createBooking('AA523',undefined, 100000);
/*
{
  flightNum: 'AA523',
  numPassengers: 1,
  price: 100000
}
*/ 

// Example for CB & HOF:
// CB1
const oneWord = function(str){
  return str.replace(/ /g,'').toLowerCase();
};

// CB2
const upperFirstWord = function(str){
    const [first, ...others] = str.split(' ');
    return [first.toUpperCase(), ...others].join(' ');
};

// HOF
const transformer = function(str, fn){
  console.log(`Original string: ${str}`);
  console.log(`Transformed string: ${fn(str)}`);
  console.log(`Transformed by: ${fn.name}`);
};
transformer('JS is best', upperFirstWord);
transformer('JS is best', oneWord);

// JS uses callbacks all the time.
const hi5 = function(){
  console.log("Hi");
};
document.body.addEventListener('click', hi5);

// forEach will be exectued for each value in the array.
['Alpha','Beta','Gamma','Delta','Eeta'].forEach(hi5);

// A fn returning another fn.
const greet = function(greeting){
  return function(name){
    console.log(`${greeting} ${name}`);
  }
}

const userGreet = greet('Hey');
userGreet("Alice");
userGreet("Lola");

// Another way to call
greet('Hello')("Lynda");

// Closures are widely used in Fnal programming paradigm.

// Same work using Arrow Fns. Below is one arrow fn returning another arrow fn.
const greetArr = greeting => name => console.log(`${greeting} ${name}`);

greetArr('Hola')('Roger');

const lufthansa = {
  airline: 'Lufthansa',
  iataCode: 'LH',
  bookings: [],
  book(flightNum, name){
    console.log(`${name} booked a seat on ${this.airline} flight ${this.iataCode} ${flightNum}`);
    this.bookings.push({flight: `${this.iataCode} ${flightNum}`, name});
  },
};

lufthansa.book(4324,'James Bond');
lufthansa.book(5342,'Julie Bond');
lufthansa;


const eurowings = {
  airline: 'Eurowings',
  iataCode: 'EW',
  bookings: [],
};

// Now for the second flight eurowings, we want to use book method, but we shouldn't repeat the code written inside lufthansa object.

// "this" depends on how fn is actually called.
// In a regular fn call, this keyword points to undefined.
// book stores the copy of book method defuned inside the lufthansa object.
const book = lufthansa.book;

// Doesn't work
// book(23, 'Sara Williams');

// first argument is whatever we want 'this' object to point to.
// We invoked the .call() which inturn invoked the book method with 'this' set to eurowings 
// after the first argument, all following arguments are for fn.
book.call(eurowings, 23, 'Sara Williams');
eurowings;

book.call(lufthansa, 735, 'Peter Parker');
lufthansa;

const swiss = {
  airline: 'Swiss Airlines',
  iataCode: 'LX',
  bookings: []
}

// call()
book.call(swiss, 252, 'Joney James');

// apply()
const flightData = [652, 'Mona Lisa'];
book.apply(swiss, flightData);

// Below call() syntax is equivalent to above .apply() syntax. It spreads out the arguments from the array.
book.call(swiss, ...flightData);