특성, 인터페이스 및 추상 클래스를 사용하여 객체 지향 디자인 강화

namespace App\Dto;

/**
 * Abstract class BaseDTO
 * 
 * Provides common functionality for Data Transfer Objects (DTOs).
 */
abstract class BaseDTO
{
    /**
     * BaseDTO constructor.
     *
     * @param array $data Initial data to populate the DTO.
     */
    public function __construct(array $data = [])
    {
        $this->setFromArray($data);
    }

    /**
     * Convert the DTO to an array.
     *
     * @return array The DTO as an associative array.
     */
    public function toArray(): array
    {
        $properties = get_object_vars($this);
        return array_filter($properties, function ($property) {
            return $property !== null;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Convert the DTO to a JSON string.
     *
     * @return string The DTO as a JSON string.
     */
    public function toJson(): string
    {
        return json_encode($this->toArray());
    }

    /**
     * Set the DTO properties from an array.
     *
     * @param array $data The data to set on the DTO.
     */
    protected function setFromArray(array $data): void
    {
        foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
            if (property_exists($this, $key)) {
                $this->$key = $value;
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Interface SetFromModel
 * 
 * Defines a method for setting DTO properties from a model.
 */
interface SetFromModel
{
    /**
     * Set DTO properties from a model.
     *
     * @param mixed $model The model to set properties from.
     * @return self
     */
    public function setFromModel($model): self;
}

/**
 * Interface SetFromAPI
 * 
 * Defines a method for setting DTO properties from API data.
 */
interface SetFromAPI
{
    /**
     * Set DTO properties from API data.
     *
     * @param array $data The API data to set properties from.
     * @return self
     */
    public function setFromAPI(array $data): self;
}

/**
 * Interface SetFromCSV
 * 
 * Defines a method for setting DTO properties from CSV data.
 */
interface SetFromCSV
{
    /**
     * Set DTO properties from CSV data.
     *
     * @param array $data The CSV data to set properties from.
     * @return self
     */
    public function setFromCSV(array $data): self;
}

namespace App\Traits\Dto;

trait SetFromModelTrait
{
    public function setFromModel($model): self
    {
        foreach (get_object_vars($model) as $key => $value) {
            if (property_exists($this, $key)) {
                $this->$key = $value;
            }
        }

        return $this;
    }
}

namespace App\Traits\Dto;

/**
 * Trait SetFromModelTrait
 * 
 * Provides a method for setting DTO properties from a model.
 */
trait SetFromModelTrait
{
    /**
     * Set DTO properties from a model.
     *
     * @param mixed $model The model to set properties from.
     * @return self
     */
    public function setFromModel($model): self
    {
        foreach (get_object_vars($model) as $key => $value) {
            if (property_exists($this, $key)) {
                $this->$key = $value;
            }
        }

        return $this;
    }
}

namespace App\Traits\Dto;

/**
 * Trait SetFromCSVTrait
 * 
 * Provides a method for setting DTO properties from CSV data.
 */
trait SetFromCSVTrait
{
    /**
     * Set DTO properties from CSV data.
     *
     * @param array $data The CSV data to set properties from.
     * @return self
     */
    public function setFromCSV(array $data): self
    {
        // Assuming CSV data follows a specific structure
        $this->name = $data[0] ?? null;
        $this->address = $data[1] ?? null;
        $this->price = isset($data[2]) ? (float)$data[2] : null;
        $this->subscription = $data[3] ?? null;
        $this->assets = isset($data[4]) ? explode(',', $data[4]) : [];

        return $this;
    }
}

namespace App\DTO;

use App\Contracts\SetFromModel;
use App\Contracts\SetFromAPI;
use App\Contracts\SetFromCSV;
use App\DTO\Traits\SetFromModelTrait;
use App\DTO\Traits\SetFromAPITrait;
use App\DTO\Traits\SetFromCSVTrait;

/**
 * Class PropertyDTO
 * 
 * Represents a Property Data Transfer Object.
 */
readonly class PropertyDTO extends BaseDTO implements SetFromModel, SetFromAPI, SetFromCSV
{
    use SetFromModelTrait, SetFromAPITrait, SetFromCSVTrait;

    /**
     * @var string The name of the property.
     */
    public string $name;

    /**
     * @var string The address of the property.
     */
    public string $address;

    /**
     * @var float The price of the property.
     */
    public float $price;

    /**
     * @var ?string The subscription type of the property.
     */
    public ?string $subscription;

    /**
     * @var ?array The assets of the property.
     */
    public ?array $assets;

    // Other specific methods can be added here
}