PHP 데이터 구조: 효율적인 정렬과 우선순위 큐를 구현하는 힙 데이터 구조의 비밀

class MaxHeap {
    private $heap = array();
    private $size = 0;

    public function insert($value) {
        $this->heap[$this->size++] = $value;
        $this->heapifyUp($this->size - 1);
    }

    private function heapifyUp($index) {
        if ($index === 0) {
            return;
        }
        $parentIndex = intval(($index - 1) / 2);
        if ($this->heap[$index] > $this->heap[$parentIndex]) {
            $temp = $this->heap[$index];
            $this->heap[$index] = $this->heap[$parentIndex];
            $this->heap[$parentIndex] = $temp;
            $this->heapifyUp($parentIndex);
        }
    }

    public function extractMax() {
        if ($this->size === 0) {
            return null;
        }
        $max = $this->heap[0];
        $this->heap[0] = $this->heap[$this->size - 1];
        $this->size--;
        $this->heapifyDown(0);
        return $max;
    }

    private function heapifyDown($index) {
        $largestIndex = $index;
        $leftIndex = 2 * $index + 1;
        $rightIndex = 2 * $index + 2;
        if ($leftIndex < $this->size && $this->heap[$leftIndex] > $this->heap[$largestIndex]) {
            $largestIndex = $leftIndex;
        }
        if ($rightIndex < $this->size && $this->heap[$rightIndex] > $this->heap[$largestIndex]) {
            $largestIndex = $rightIndex;
        }
        if ($largestIndex !== $index) {
            $temp = $this->heap[$index];
            $this->heap[$index] = $this->heap[$largestIndex];
            $this->heap[$largestIndex] = $temp;
            $this->heapifyDown($largestIndex);
        }
    }
}

$heap = new MaxHeap();
$heap->insert(10);
$heap->insert(5);
$heap->insert(15);
$heap->insert(8);
$heap->insert(12);

while ($heap->size > 0) {
    echo $heap->extractMax() . " ";
}

$heap = new MaxHeap();
$heap->insert(5);
$heap->insert(2);
$heap->insert(3);
$heap->insert(1);

while ($heap->size > 0) {
    $element = $heap->extractMax();
    echo "服务于元素 " . $element . "\n";
}