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Oracle中dual表的用途介绍

WBOY
풀어 주다: 2016-06-07 17:20:45
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dual是一个虚拟表,用来构成select的语法规则,oracle保证dual里面永远只有一条记录。我们可以用它来做很多事情,如下:查看当前

dual是一个虚拟表,用来构成select的语法规则,,Oracle保证dual里面永远只有一条记录。我们可以用它来做很多事情,如下:
  1、查看当前用户,可以在 SQL Plus中执行下面语句 select user from dual;

  2、用来调用系统函数

  select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;--获得当前系统时间

  select SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','TERMINAL') from dual;--获得主机名

  select SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','language') from dual;--获得当前 locale

  select dbms_random.random from dual;--获得一个随机数

  3、得到序列的下一个值或当前值,用下面语句

  select your_sequence.nextval from dual;--获得序列your_sequence的下一个值

  select your_sequence.currval from dual;--获得序列your_sequence的当前值

  4、可以用做计算器 select 7*9 from dual;

  ------

  Oracle系统中dual表是一个“神秘”的表,网上有很多网友都对该表进行了测试,该表只有一行一列,其实该表和系统中的其他表一样,一样可以执行插入、更新、删除操作,还可以执行drop操作。但是不要去执行drop表的操作,否则会使系统不能用,数据库起不了,会报Database startup crashes with ORA-1092错误。此时也不要慌乱,可以通过执行以下步骤来进行恢复。可以用sys用户登陆。

  SQL> create pfile=’d:pfile.bak’ from spfile

  SQL> shutdown immediate

  在d:pfile.bak文件中最后加入一条:

  replication_dependency_tracking = FALSE

  重新启动数据库:

  SQL> startup pfile=’d:pfile.bak’

  SQL> create table “sys”.”DUAL”

  [an error occurred while processing this directive]

  =====

  DUAL ? 有什么神秘的? 当你想得到ORACLE系统时间, 简简单单敲一行SQL 不就得了吗? 故弄玄虚….

  SQL> select sysdate from dual;

  SYSDATE

  ---------

  28-SEP-03

  哈哈, 确实DUAL的使用很方便. 但是大家知道DUAL倒底是什么OBJECT, 它有什么特殊的行为吗? 来,我们一起看一看. 首先搞清楚DUAL是什么OBJECT :

  SQL> connect system/manager

  Connected.

  SQL> select owner, object_name , object_type from dba_objects where object_name like '%DUAL%'; OWNER OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE

  --------------- --------------- -------------

  SYS DUAL TABLE PUBLIC DUAL SYNONYM

  原来DUAL是属于SYS schema的一个表,然后以PUBLIC SYNONYM的方式供其他数据库USER使用.

  再看看它的结构:

  SQL> desc dual Name Null? Type

  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

  DUMMY VARCHAR2(1)

  SQL>

  只有一个名字叫DUMMY的字符型COLUMN .

  然后查询一下表里的数据:

  SQL> select dummy from dual;

  DUMMY

  ----------

  X

  哦, 只有一条记录, DUMMY的值是’X’ .很正常啊,没什么奇怪嘛. 好,下面就有奇妙的东西出现了!

  插入一条记录:

  SQL> connect sys as sysdba

  Connected.

  SQL> insert into dual values ( 'Y');

  1 row created.

  SQL> commit;

  Commit complete.

  SQL> select count(*) from dual;

  COUNT(*)

  ----------

  2

  迄今为止,一切正常. 然而当我们再次查询记录时,奇怪的事情发生了

  SQL> select * from dual;

  DUMMY

  ----------

  X

  刚才插入的那条记录并没有显示出来 ! 明明DUAL表中有两条记录, 可就是只显示一条!

  再试一下删除 ,狠一点,全删光 !

  SQL> delete from dual; /*注意没有限定条件,试图删除全部记录*/

  1 row deleted.

  SQL> commit;

  Commit complete.

  哈哈,也只有一条记录被删掉,

  SQL> select * from dual;

  DUMMY

  ----------

  Y

  为什么会这样呢? 难道SQL的语法对DUAL不起作用吗?带着这个疑问,

  我查询了一些ORACLE官方的资料. 原来ORACLE对DUAL表的操作做了一些内部处理,尽量保证DUAL表中只返回一条记录.当然这写内部操作是不可见的 . 看来ORACLE真是蕴藏着无穷的奥妙啊!

  附: ORACLE关于DUAL表不同寻常特性的解释 There is internalized code that makes this happen. Code checks that ensure that a table scan of SYS.DUAL only returns one row. Svrmgrl behaviour is incorrect but this is now an obsolete product. The base issue you should always remember and keep is: DUAL table should always have 1 ROW. Dual is a normal table with one dummy column of varchar2(1). This is basically used from several applications as a pseudo table for getting results from a select statement that use functions like sysdate or other prebuilt or application functions. If DUAL has no rows at all some applications (that use DUAL) may fail with NO_DATA_FOUND exception. If DUAL has more than 1 row then applications (that use DUAL) may fail with TOO_MANY_ROWS exception.

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