假设student表有如下记录: +--------+----------+---------+-----------+| stu_id | stu_name | stu_tel | stu_score |+--------+----------+---------+-----------+| 1 | a | 151 | 60 || 2 | b | 152 | 61 || 3 | c | 153 | 62 |+--------+----------+---
假设student表有如下记录:
+--------+----------+---------+-----------+ | stu_id | stu_name | stu_tel | stu_score | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+ | 1 | a | 151 | 60 | | 2 | b | 152 | 61 | | 3 | c | 153 | 62 | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+
+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+ | tea_id | tea_name | tea_tel | tea_pay | stu_id | +--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+ | 1 | A | 130 | 3000 | 1 | | 2 | B | 131 | 4000 | 2 | | 3 | C | 132 | 4000 | 0 | +--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+
内连接使用比较运算符根据每个表共有的列的值匹配两个表中的行,也可以使用显示内连接:inner join ,没有包含一个连接条件时,;结果就是一个笛卡尔积。
mysql> select * from student inner join teacher;(类似于select * from student,teacher;) +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+ | stu_id | stu_name | stu_tel | stu_score | tea_id | tea_name | tea_tel | tea_pay | stu_id | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+ | 1 | a | 151 | 60 | 1 | A | 130 | 3000 | 1 | | 2 | b | 152 | 61 | 1 | A | 130 | 3000 | 1 | | 3 | c | 153 | 62 | 1 | A | 130 | 3000 | 1 | | 1 | a | 151 | 60 | 2 | B | 131 | 4000 | 2 | | 2 | b | 152 | 61 | 2 | B | 131 | 4000 | 2 | | 3 | c | 153 | 62 | 2 | B | 131 | 4000 | 2 | | 1 | a | 151 | 60 | 3 | C | 132 | 4000 | 0 | | 2 | b | 152 | 61 | 3 | C | 132 | 4000 | 0 | | 3 | c | 153 | 62 | 3 | C | 132 | 4000 | 0 | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+
在FROM子句中指定外连接时,可以由下列几组关键字中的一组指定:
左向外连接:left join 或者left outer join
左向外连接的结果集包括left join子句中指定的左表的所有行,而不仅仅是连接列所匹配的行。如果左表的某行在右表中没有匹配行,则在相关联的结果集行中右表的所有选择列表列均为空值。
mysql> select * from student left join teacher on student.stu_id=teacher.stu_id; +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+ | stu_id | stu_name | stu_tel | stu_score | tea_id | tea_name | tea_tel | tea_pay | stu_id | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+ | 1 | a | 151 | 60 | 1 | A | 130 | 3000 | 1 | | 2 | b | 152 | 61 | 2 | B | 131 | 4000 | 2 | | 3 | c | 153 | 62 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+
mysql> select * from student right join teacher on student.stu_id=teacher.stu_id; +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+ | stu_id | stu_name | stu_tel | stu_score | tea_id | tea_name | tea_tel | tea_pay | stu_id | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+ | 1 | a | 151 | 60 | 1 | A | 130 | 3000 | 1 | | 2 | b | 152 | 61 | 2 | B | 131 | 4000 | 2 | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | C | 132 | 4000 | 0 | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+
mysql> select * from student natural join teacher; +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+ | stu_id | stu_name | stu_tel | stu_score | tea_id | tea_name | tea_tel | tea_pay | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+ | 1 | a | 151 | 60 | 1 | A | 130 | 3000 | | 2 | b | 152 | 61 | 2 | B | 131 | 4000 | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+
mysql> select * from student cross join teacher; +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+ | stu_id | stu_name | stu_tel | stu_score | tea_id | tea_name | tea_tel | tea_pay | stu_id | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+ | 1 | a | 151 | 60 | 1 | A | 130 | 3000 | 1 | | 2 | b | 152 | 61 | 1 | A | 130 | 3000 | 1 | | 3 | c | 153 | 62 | 1 | A | 130 | 3000 | 1 | | 1 | a | 151 | 60 | 2 | B | 131 | 4000 | 2 | | 2 | b | 152 | 61 | 2 | B | 131 | 4000 | 2 | | 3 | c | 153 | 62 | 2 | B | 131 | 4000 | 2 | | 1 | a | 151 | 60 | 3 | C | 132 | 4000 | 0 | | 2 | b | 152 | 61 | 3 | C | 132 | 4000 | 0 | | 3 | c | 153 | 62 | 3 | C | 132 | 4000 | 0 | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+
mysql> select * from student inner join teacher using(stu_id); +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+ | stu_id | stu_name | stu_tel | stu_score | tea_id | tea_name | tea_tel | tea_pay | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+ | 1 | a | 151 | 60 | 1 | A | 130 | 3000 | | 2 | b | 152 | 61 | 2 | B | 131 | 4000 | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+--------+----------+---------+---------+