Python がリクエストを使用して Web ページをリクエストする方法

$ pip install requests

response = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com/")
 
# 也可以这么写
# response = requests.request("get", "http://www.baidu.com/")

import requests
 
kw = {'wd':'长城'}
 
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36"}
 
# params 接收一个字典或者字符串的查询参数，字典类型自动转换为url编码，不需要urlencode()
response = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com/s?", params = kw, headers = headers)
 
# 查看响应内容，response.text 返回的是Unicode格式的数据
print (response.text)
 
# 查看响应内容，response.content返回的字节流数据
print (respones.content)
 
# 查看完整url地址
print (response.url)
 
# 查看响应头部字符编码
print (response.encoding)
 
# 查看响应码
print (response.status_code)

response = requests.post("http://www.baidu.com/",data = data)

formdata = {
    "type": "AUTO",
    "doctype": "json",
    "key": "www",
    "ue": "UTF-8",
}
url = "http://auto-installment/v1/loan-credit-check"
response = requests.post(url,data = data,headers=headers)
 
print(response.text)#显示返回结果
print(response.json())# 如果是json文件可以直接显示

# 1. 创建session对象，可以保存Cookie值
session = requests.session()
 
# 2. 需要登录的用户名和密码
data = {"username": "mxxxx", "password": "1233444"}
 
# 3. 发送附带用户名和密码的请求，并获取登录后的Cookie值，保存在ssion里
session.post("https://www.jianshu.com/sign_in", data=data)
 
# 4. ssion包含用户登录后的Cookie值，可以直接访问那些登录后才可以访问的页面
response = session.get("https://www.jianshu.com/writer#/")

request_retry = requests.adapatrs.HTTPAdapaters(max_retries=3）
session.mount('https://',request_retry)

urls = [
    'http://www.url1.com',
    'http://www.url2.com',
    'http://www.url3.com',
    'http://www.url4.com',
    'http://www.url5.com',
]
resp = (grequests.get(u) for u in urls)
grequests.map(resp)

# 自定义cookies
cookie = {'guid':'5BF0FAB4-A7CF-463E-8C17-C1576fc7a9a8','uuid':'3ff5f4091f35a467'}
 
session.post('http://', cookies=cookie)

session.get(url).elapsed.total_seconds()

session.get(url, timeout=15)

file = {'file':open('test.bmp','rb')}   #rb表示用二进制格式打开指定目录下的文件，且用于只读
r =requests.post('http://',files=file)
print(r.text)