es6とcommonjsの違いは何ですか

// lib.js
const counter = 3;
const incCounter = ()=>{
  counter++
}
module.exports = {
  counter,
  incCounter
}

// main.js
var lib = require('./lib');
console.log(lib)
console.log(lib.counter);  // 3
lib.incCounter();
console.log(lib.counter); // 3

// lib.js
export let counter = 3;
export function incCounter () {
  counter++;
}

// main.js
import { counter, incCounter } from './util.mjs'
console.log(counter);  //3 
incCounter()
console.log(counter)  //4

// CommonJS模块
let { stat, exists, readFile } = require('fs');
 
// 等同于
let _fs = require('fs');
let stat = _fs.stat;
let exists = _fs.exists;
let readfile = _fs.readfile;

import { stat, exists, readFile } from 'fs';

| -- a.js
| -- index.js
| -- c.js

// a.js
console.log('a.js文件的执行');
const importFun = () => {
  console.log(require('./c').c);
}
importFun()
module.exports = {
  importFun
}

// index.js
const A = require('./a');
console.log('index.js的执行');

// c.js
console.log('c.js的运行');
const c = 3
module.exports = {
  c
}

// a.js文件的执行
// c.js的运行
// 3
// index.js的执行

// a.js
console.log('a.js文件的执行');
export const importFun = () => {
  import('./c.js').then(({c})=>{
    console.log(c)
  })
}
importFun()

// index.js
import {importFun} from './a.js'
console.log('index.js的执行');

// c.js
console.log('c.js的运行');
export const c = 3

// 结果
// a.js文件的执行
// index.js的执行
// c.js的运行
// 3