JS コーディングにおける 5 つの悪い習慣、それらを回避する方法は?

console.log("2" + "1");  // => "21"
console.log("2" - "1");  // => 1
console.log('' == 0);    // => true
console.log(true == []); // -> false
console.log(true == ![]); // -> false

function getProp(object, propertyName, defaultValue) {
  if (!object[propertyName]) {
    return defaultValue;
  }
  return object[propertyName];
}
const hero = {
  name: 'Batman',
  isVillian: false
};
console.log(getProp(hero, 'name', 'Unknown'));     // => 'Batman'

console.log(getProp(hero, 'isVillian', true)); // => true

function getPropFixed(object, propertyName, defaultValue) {
   if (object[propertyName] === undefined) {
     return defaultValue;
   }
   return object[propertyName];
}
const hero = {
  name: 'Batman',
  isVillian: false
};
console.log(getPropFixed(hero, 'isVillian', true)); // => false

function getPropFixedBetter(object, propertyName, defaultValue) {
  if (!(propertyName in object)) {
    return defaultValue;
  }
  return object[propertyName]
}

function someFunc(array) {
  var index, item, length = array.length;
  /*
   * Lots of code
   */
  for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {
    item = array[index];
    // Use `item`
  }
  return someResult;
}

function someFunc(array) {
  /*
   * Lots of code
   */
  const length = array.length;
  for (let index = 0; index < length; index++) {
    const item = array[index];
    // Use `item`
  }
  return someResult;
}

// 不好
let message;
// ...
if (notFound) {
  message = 'Item not found';
  // Use `message`
}
// 好
if (notFound) {
  const message = 'Item not found';
  // Use `message`
}
for 块作用域
// 不好
let item;
for (item of array) {
  // Use `item`
}
// 好
for (const item of array) {
  // Use `item`
}

let count;
console.log(count); // => undefined
const hero = {
  name: 'Batman'
};
console.log(hero.city); // => undefined

// 不好
const object = {
  prop: 'value'
};
if (object.nonExistingProp === undefined) {
  // ...
}
// 好
const object = {
  prop: 'value'
};
if ('nonExistingProp' in object) {
  // ...
}

// 不好
function foo(options) {
  if (object.optionalProp1 === undefined) {
    object.optionalProp1 = 'Default value 1';
  }
  // ...
}
// 好
function foo(options) {
  const defaultProps = {
    optionalProp1: 'Default value 1'
  };
  options = {
    ...defaultProps,
    ...options
  }
}

// 不好
function foo(param1, param2) {
  if (param2 === undefined) {
    param2 = 'Some default value';
  }
  // ...
}
// 好
function foo(param1, param2 = 'Some default value') {
  // ...
}

function bar(something) {
  if (something) {
    return foo({ value: 'Some value' });
  } else {
    return foo(null);
  }
}
function foo(options) {
  let value = null;
  if (options !== null) {
    value = options.value;
    // ...
  }
  return value;
}