Java マルチスレッドおよび同時実行に関する面接の質問 (1 ～ 3 つの質問と回答付き)

DelayQueue=BlockingQueue+PriorityQueue+Delayed

public interface Comparable<T> {
    public int compareTo(T o);
}
public interface Delayed extends Comparable<Delayed> {
    long getDelay(TimeUnit unit);
}
public class DelayQueue<E extends Delayed> implements BlockingQueue<E> {
    private final PriorityQueue<E> q = new PriorityQueue<E>();
}

public boolean offer(E e) {
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    lock.lock();
    try {
        E first = q.peek();
        q.offer(e);
        if (first == null || e.compareTo(first) < 0)
            available.signalAll();
        return true;
    } finally {
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

public E take() throws InterruptedException {
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    lock.lockInterruptibly();
    try {
        for (; ; ) {
            E first = q.peek();
            if (first == null) {
                available.await();
            } else {
                long delay = first.getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
                if (delay > 0) {
                    long tl = available.awaitNanos(delay);
                } else {
                    E x = q.poll();
                    assert x != null;
                    if (q.size() != 0)
                        available.signalAll(); //wake up other takers return x;
                }
            }
        }
    } finally {
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

public class Pair<K, V> {
    public K first;
    public V second;
    public Pair() {
    }
    public Pair(K first, V second) {
        this.first = first;
        this.second = second;
    }
}

import java.util.concurrent.Delayed;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
public class DelayItem<T> implements Delayed {
    /**
     * Base of nanosecond timings， to avoid wrapping
     */
    private static final long NANO_ORIGIN = System.nanoTime();
    /**
     * Returns nanosecond time offset by origin
     */
    final static long now() {
        return System.nanoTime() - NANO_ORIGIN;
    }
    /**
     * Sequence number to break scheduling ties， and in turn to guarantee FIFO order among tied
     * entries.
     */
    private static final AtomicLong sequencer = new AtomicLong(0);
    /**
     * Sequence number to break ties FIFO
     */
    private final long sequenceNumber;
    /**
     * The time the task is enabled to execute in nanoTime units
     */
    private final long time;
    private final T item;
    public DelayItem(T submit， long timeout) {
        this.time = now() + timeout;
        this.item = submit;
        this.sequenceNumber = sequencer.getAndIncrement();
    }
    public T getItem() {
        return this.item;
    }
    public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
        long d = unit.convert(time - now()， TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); return d;
    }
    public int compareTo(Delayed other) {
        if (other == this) // compare zero ONLY if same object return 0;
            if (other instanceof DelayItem) {
                DelayItem x = (DelayItem) other;
                long diff = time - x.time;
                if (diff < 0) return -1;
                else if (diff > 0) return 1;
                else if (sequenceNumber < x.sequenceNumber) return -1;
                else
                    return 1;
            }
        long d = (getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) - other.getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS));
        return (d == 0) ?0 :((d < 0) ?-1 :1);
    }
}

import javafx.util.Pair;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public class Cache<K, V> {
    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(Cache.class.getName());
    private ConcurrentMap<K, V> cacheObjMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<K, V>();
    private DelayQueue<DelayItem<Pair<K, V>>> q = new DelayQueue<DelayItem<Pair<K, V>>>();
    private Thread daemonThread;
    public Cache() {
        Runnable daemonTask = new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                daemonCheck();
            }
        };
        daemonThread = new Thread(daemonTask);
        daemonThread.setDaemon(true);
        daemonThread.setName("Cache Daemon");
        daemonThread.start();
    }
    private void daemonCheck() {
        if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) LOG.info("cache service started.");
        for (; ; ) {
            try {
                DelayItem<Pair<K, V>> delayItem = q.take();
                if (delayItem != null) {
                    // 超时对象处理
                    Pair<K, V> pair = delayItem.getItem();
                    cacheObjMap.remove(pair.first, pair.second); // compare and remove
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.SEVERE)) LOG.log(Level.SEVERE, e.getMessage(), e);
                break;
            }
        }
        if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) LOG.info("cache service stopped.");
    }
    // 添加缓存对象
    public void put(K key, V value, long time, TimeUnit unit) {
        V oldValue = cacheObjMap.put(key, value);
        if (oldValue != null) q.remove(key);
        long nanoTime = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.convert(time, unit);
        q.put(new DelayItem<Pair<K, V>>(new Pair<K, V>(key, value), nanoTime));
    }
    public V get(K key) {
        return cacheObjMap.get(key);
    }
}

// 测试入口函数
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    Cache<Integer, String> cache = new Cache<Integer, String>();
    cache.put(1, "aaaa", 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
    {
        String str = cache.get(1);
        System.out.println(str);
    }
    Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
    {
        String str = cache.get(1);
        System.out.println(str);
    }
}

aaaa
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