Python3でのlistメソッドの具体的な実装例

user = []
user = list()

# 将字符串转成列表
>>> list('abcde')
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

# 将元祖转成列表
>>> list(('a','b','c'))
['a', 'b', 'c']

>>> users = ['a','b','c','d','e']
# 可以使用整数来获取某个元素
>>> users[0]
'a'
# 可以使用负整数来表示从尾部获取某个元素
>>> users[-1]
'e'

# 数组越界会报错
>>> users[100]
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: list index out of range
>>> users[-100]
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: list index out of range

# 修改某个元素
>>> users[0] = &#39;wdd&#39;
>>> users
[&#39;wdd&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;c&#39;, &#39;d&#39;, &#39;e&#39;]
>>>

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
# 正常截取 注意这里并不会截取到users[2]
>>> users[0:2]
['wdd', 'b']
# 也可从尾部截取
>>> users[0:-2]
['wdd', 'b', 'c']
# 这样可以获取所有的元素
>>> users[:]
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
# 也可以加上步长参数
>>> users[0:4:2]
['wdd', 'c']
# 也可以通过这种方式去将列表取反
>>> users[::-1]
['e', 'd', 'c', 'b', 'wdd']

# 注意切片时，偏移量可以越界，越界之后不会报错，仍然按照界限来处理 例如开始偏移量如果小于0，那么仍然会按照0去计算。
>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
>>> users[-100:3]
['wdd', 'b', 'c']
>>> users[-100:100]
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
>>>

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
>>> users.append('ddw')
>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw']

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw']
>>> names
['heihei', 'haha']
>>> users.extend(names)
>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha']
>>> users += names
>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', 'haha']

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', 'haha']
>>> users.insert(0,'xiaoxiao')
>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', 'haha']
>>> users.insert(-1,'-xiaoxiao')
>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
# 下面-100肯定越界了
>>> users.insert(-100,'-xiaoxiao')
>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
# 下面100也是越界了
>>> users.insert(100,'-xiaoxiao')
>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha', '-xiaoxiao']

>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha', '-xiaoxiao']
>>> del users[0]
>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha', '-xiaoxiao']
>>> del users[100]
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: list assignment index out of range
>>> del users[-100]
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: list assignment index out of range

>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha', '-xiaoxiao']
# 删除指定值'c'
>>> users.remove('c')
>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'haha', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha', '-xiaoxiao']
# 删除不存在的值会报错
>>> users.remove('alsdkfjalsdf')
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list
# 如果该值存在多个，那么只能删除到第一个
>>> users.remove(&#39;haha&#39;)
>>> users
[&#39;xiaoxiao&#39;, &#39;wdd&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;d&#39;, &#39;e&#39;, &#39;ddw&#39;, &#39;heihei&#39;, &#39;heihei&#39;, &#39;-xiaoxiao&#39;, &#39;haha&#39;, &#39;-xiaoxiao&#39;]

>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha', '-xiaoxiao']
# 删除最后的元素
>>> users.pop()
'-xiaoxiao'
>>> users
['xiaoxiao', 'wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
# 如果列表本身就是空的，那么pop时会报错
>>> user.pop(0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: pop from empty list
>>> users.pop(0)
&#39;xiaoxiao&#39;
>>> users
[&#39;wdd&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;d&#39;, &#39;e&#39;, &#39;ddw&#39;, &#39;heihei&#39;, &#39;heihei&#39;, &#39;-xiaoxiao&#39;, &#39;haha&#39;]
# 越界时也会报错
>>> users.pop(100)
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: pop index out of range

# index只会返回第一遇到该值得位置
>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
>>> users.index('heihei')
5

# 如果该值不存在，也会报错
>>> users.index('laksdf')
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: &#39;laksdf&#39; is not in list

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
>>> 'wdd' in users
True

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
>>> users.count('heihei')
2
>>> users.count('h')
0

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
>>> ','.join(users)
'wdd,b,d,e,ddw,heihei,heihei,-xiaoxiao,haha'
>>> user
[]
>>> ','.join(user)
''

>>> users
['wdd', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'ddw', 'heihei', 'heihei', '-xiaoxiao', 'haha']
# 默认是升序排序
>>> users.sort()
>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'b', 'd', 'ddw', 'e', 'haha', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'wdd']
# 加入reverse=True, 可以降序排序
>>> users.sort(reverse=True)
>>> users
['wdd', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'haha', 'e', 'ddw', 'd', 'b', '-xiaoxiao']

# 通过匿名函数，传入函数进行自定义排序
>>> students
[{'name': 'wdd', 'age': 343}, {'name': 'ddw', 'age': 43}, {'name': 'jik', 'age': 90}]
>>> students.sort(key=lambda item: item['age'])
>>> students
[{'name': 'ddw', 'age': 43}, {'name': 'jik', 'age': 90}, {'name': 'wdd', 'age': 343}]
>>> students.sort(key=lambda item: item['age'], reverse=True)
>>> students
[{'name': 'wdd', 'age': 343}, {'name': 'jik', 'age': 90}, {'name': 'ddw', 'age': 43}]
>>>

>>> users
['wdd', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'haha', 'e', 'ddw', 'd', 'b', '-xiaoxiao']
>>> users.reverse()
>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'b', 'd', 'ddw', 'e', 'haha', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'wdd']

>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'b', 'd', 'ddw', 'e', 'haha', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'wdd']
>>> users2 = users.copy()
>>> users2
['-xiaoxiao', 'b', 'd', 'ddw', 'e', 'haha', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'wdd']
>>>

>>> users2
['-xiaoxiao', 'b', 'd', 'ddw', 'e', 'haha', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'wdd']
>>> users2.clear()
>>> users2
[]

>>> users
['-xiaoxiao', 'b', 'd', 'ddw', 'e', 'haha', 'heihei', 'heihei', 'wdd']
>>> len(users)
9