PHP 設計パターンのインタープリター パターンの詳細な分析

/**  
 * AbstractExpression. All implementations of this interface  
 * are ConcreteExpressions.  
 */ 
interface MathExpression  
{  
    /**  
     * Calculates the value assumed by the expression.  
     * Note that $values is passed to all expression but it  
     * is used by Variable only. This is required to abstract  
     * away the tree structure.  
     */ 
    public function evaluate(array $values);  
}  

/**  
 * A terminal expression which is a literal value.  
 */ 
class Literal implements MathExpression  
{  
    private $_value;  

    public function construct($value)  
    {  
        $this->_value = $value;  
    }  

    public function evaluate(array $values)  
    {  
        return $this->_value;  
    }  
}  

/**  
 * A terminal expression which represents a variable.  
 */ 
class Variable implements MathExpression  
{  
    private $_letter;  

    public function construct($letter)  
    {  
        $this->_letter = $letter;  
    }  

    public function evaluate(array $values)  
    {  
        return $values[$this->_letter];  
    }  
}  

/**  
 * Nonterminal expression.  
 */ 
class Sum implements MathExpression  
{  
    private $_a;  
    private $_b;  

    public function construct(MathExpression $a, MathExpression $b)  
    {  
        $this->_a = $a;  
        $this->_b = $b;  
    }  

    public function evaluate(array $values)  
    {  
        return $this->_a->evaluate($values) + $this->_b->evaluate($values);  
    }  
}  

/**  
 * Nonterminal expression.  
 */ 
class Product implements MathExpression  
{  
    private $_a;  
    private $_b;  

    public function construct(MathExpression $a, MathExpression $b)  
    {  
        $this->_a = $a;  
        $this->_b = $b;  
    }  

    public function evaluate(array $values)  
    {  
        return $this->_a->evaluate($values) * $this->_b->evaluate($values);  
    }  
}  

// 10(a + 3)  
$expression = new Product(new Literal(10), new Sum(new Variable('a'), new Literal(3)));  
echo $expression->evaluate(array('a' => 4)), "\n";  
// adding new rules to the grammar is easy:  
// e.g. Power, Subtraction...  
// thanks to the Composite, manipulation is even simpler:  
// we could add substitute($letter, MathExpression $expr)  
// to the interface...