PHP7ハッシュテーブルの実装原理

struct _zend_array {  
    zend_refcounted_h gc;
    union {
        struct {
            ZEND_ENDIAN_LOHI_4(
                zend_uchar    flags,
                zend_uchar    nApplyCount,
                zend_uchar    nIteratorsCount,
                zend_uchar    reserve)
        } v;
        uint32_t flags;
    } u;
    uint32_t          nTableMask;
    Bucket           *arData;
    uint32_t          nNumUsed;
    uint32_t          nNumOfElements;
    uint32_t          nTableSize;
    uint32_t          nInternalPointer;
    zend_long         nNextFreeElement;
    dtor_func_t       pDestructor;
};

typedef struct _Bucket {  
    zval              val;
    zend_ulong        h;                /* hash value (or numeric index)   */
    zend_string      *key;              /* string key or NULL for numerics */
} Bucket;

$a = [9 => "foo", 2 => 42, []];
var_dump($a);
 
array(3) {  
    [9]=>
    string(3) "foo"
    [2]=>
    int(42)
    [10]=>
    array(0) {
    }
}

size_t i;  
Bucket p;  
zval val;
 
for (i=0; i < ht->nTableSize; i++) {  
    p   = ht->arData[i];
    val = p.val;
    /* do something with val */
}

idx = ht->nNumUsed++; /* take the next avalaible slot number */  
ht->nNumOfElements++; /* increment number of elements */  
/* ... */
p = ht->arData + idx; /* Get the bucket in that slot from arData */  
p->key = key; /* Affect it the key we want to insert at */  
/* ... */
p->h = h = ZSTR_H(key); /* save the hash of the current key into the bucket */  
ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(&p->val, pData); /* Copy the value into the bucket's value : add operation */

size_t i;  
Bucket p;  
zval val;
 
for (i=0; i < ht->nTableSize; i++) {  
    p   = ht->arData[i];
    val = p.val;
    if (Z_TYPE(val) == IS_UNDEF) { /* empty hole ? */
        continue; /* skip it */
    }
    /* do something with val */
}

#define HT_HASH_SIZE(nTableMask) (((size_t)(uint32_t)-(int32_t)(nTableMask)) * sizeof(uint32_t))
#define HT_DATA_SIZE(nTableSize) ((size_t)(nTableSize) * sizeof(Bucket))
#define HT_SIZE_EX(nTableSize, nTableMask) (HT_DATA_SIZE((nTableSize)) + HT_HASH_SIZE((nTableMask)))
#define HT_SIZE(ht) HT_SIZE_EX((ht)->nTableSize, (ht)->nTableMask)
 
 Bucket *arData;  
arData = emalloc(HT_SIZE(ht)); /* now alloc this */

(((size_t)(((ht)->nTableSize)) * sizeof(Bucket)) + (((size_t)(uint32_t)-(int32_t)(((ht)->nTableMask))) * sizeof(uint32_t)))

idx = ht->nNumUsed++;
    ht->nNumOfElements++;
    if (ht->nInternalPointer == HT_INVALID_IDX) {
        ht->nInternalPointer = idx;
    }
    zend_hash_iterators_update(ht, HT_INVALID_IDX, idx);
    p = ht->arData + idx;
    p->key = key;
    if (!ZSTR_IS_INTERNED(key)) {
        zend_string_addref(key);
        ht->u.flags &= ~HASH_FLAG_STATIC_KEYS;
        zend_string_hash_val(key);
    }
    p->h = h = ZSTR_H(key);
    ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(&p->val, pData);
    nIndex = h | ht->nTableMask;
    Z_NEXT(p->val) = HT_HASH(ht, nIndex);
    HT_HASH(ht, nIndex) = HT_IDX_TO_HASH(idx);

#define HT_HASH_TO_BUCKET_EX(data, idx) ((data) + (idx))
#define HT_HASH_TO_BUCKET(ht, idx) HT_HASH_TO_BUCKET_EX((ht)->arData, idx)
 
h = zend_string_hash_val(key); /* get the hash from the key (assuming string key here) */  
nIndex = h | ht->nTableMask; /* get the translation table index */
 
idx = HT_HASH(ht, nIndex); /* Get the slot corresponding to that translation index */  
while (idx != HT_INVALID_IDX) { /* If there is a corresponding slot */  
    p = HT_HASH_TO_BUCKET(ht, idx); /* Get the bucket from that slot */
    if ((p->key == key) || /* Is it the right bucket ? same key pointer ? */
        (p->h == h && /* ... or same hash */
         p->key && /* and a key (string key based) */
         ZSTR_LEN(p->key) == ZSTR_LEN(key) && /* and same key length */
         memcmp(ZSTR_VAL(p->key), ZSTR_VAL(key), ZSTR_LEN(key)) == 0)) { /* and same key content ? */
        _zend_hash_del_el_ex(ht, idx, p, prev); /* that's us ! delete us */
        return SUCCESS;
    }
    prev = p;
    idx = Z_NEXT(p->val); /* get the next corresponding slot from current one */
}
return FAILURE;

#define HT_MIN_MASK ((uint32_t) -2)
#define HT_HASH_SIZE(nTableMask) (((size_t)(uint32_t)-(int32_t)(nTableMask)) * sizeof(uint32_t))
#define HT_SET_DATA_ADDR(ht, ptr) do { (ht)->arData = (Bucket*)(((char*)(ptr)) + HT_HASH_SIZE((ht)->nTableMask)); } while (0)
 
static const uint32_t uninitialized_bucket[-HT_MIN_MASK] = {HT_INVALID_IDX, HT_INVALID_IDX};
 
/* hash lazy init */
ZEND_API void ZEND_FASTCALL _zend_hash_init(HashTable *ht, uint32_t nSize, dtor_func_t pDestructor, zend_bool persistent ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC)  
{
    /* ... */
    ht->nTableSize = zend_hash_check_size(nSize);
    ht->nTableMask = HT_MIN_MASK;
    HT_SET_DATA_ADDR(ht, &uninitialized_bucket);
    ht->nNumUsed = 0;
    ht->nNumOfElements = 0;
}

#define HT_HASH_EX(data, idx) ((uint32_t*)(data))[(int32_t)(idx)]
#define HT_HASH(ht, idx) HT_HASH_EX((ht)->arData, idx)
 
(ht)->nTableMask = -(ht)->nTableSize;
HT_SET_DATA_ADDR(ht, pemalloc(HT_SIZE(ht), (ht)->u.flags & HASH_FLAG_PERSISTENT));  
memset(&HT_HASH(ht, (ht)->nTableMask), HT_INVALID_IDX, HT_HASH_SIZE((ht)->nTableMask))

Bucket *p;  
uint32_t nIndex, i;  
HT_HASH_RESET(ht);  
i = 0;  
p = ht->arData;
 
do {  
    if (UNEXPECTED(Z_TYPE(p->val) == IS_UNDEF)) {
        uint32_t j = i;
        Bucket *q = p;
        while (++i < ht->nNumUsed) {
            p++;
            if (EXPECTED(Z_TYPE_INFO(p->val) != IS_UNDEF)) {
                ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(&q->val, &p->val);
                q->h = p->h;
                nIndex = q->h | ht->nTableMask;
                q->key = p->key;
                Z_NEXT(q->val) = HT_HASH(ht, nIndex);
                HT_HASH(ht, nIndex) = HT_IDX_TO_HASH(j);
                if (UNEXPECTED(ht->nInternalPointer == i)) {
                    ht->nInternalPointer = j;
                }
                q++;
                j++;
            }
        }
        ht->nNumUsed = j;
        break;
    }
    nIndex = p->h | ht->nTableMask;
    Z_NEXT(p->val) = HT_HASH(ht, nIndex);
    HT_HASH(ht, nIndex) = HT_IDX_TO_HASH(i);
    p++;
} while (++i < ht->nNumUsed);