Linux での php+nginx+mysql のインストールと構成

<span>可以选择YUM安装或者源码编译安装 </span><span>gcc</span><span>gcc</span>-c++<span> zlib
pcre
pcre-devel
libevent
libevent</span>-<span>devel
libxml2 
libxml2</span>-<span>devel
libmcrypt 
libmcrypt</span>-<span>devel
curl</span>-<span>devel
libpng</span>-<span>devel
libtool</span>-ltdl-<span>devel
gd</span>-<span>devel
openssl 
openssl</span>-<span>devel
ncurses</span>-<span>devel
cmake
mysql-devel </span>

<span>tar</span> -zxvf mysql-<span>5.5</span>.<span>25</span>.<span>tar</span><span>.gz
将mysql包解压 然后放入你想要mysql的安装位置 如本例中的/usr/local/webserver/mysql cmake命令需要这个路径</span><span>cmake \ </span>-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/<span>mysql \ </span>-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/user/local/webserver/mysql/<span>data \ </span>-DSYSCONFDIR=/<span>etc \ </span>-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=<span>all \ </span>-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=<span>utf8 \ </span>-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=<span>utf8_general_ci \ </span>-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=<span>1</span><span> \ </span>-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=<span>1</span><span> \ </span>-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=<span>1</span><span> \ </span>-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=<span>1</span><span> \ </span>-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=<span>1</span><span> \ </span>-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=<span>1</span><span> \ </span>-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/<span>mysqld.sock \ </span>-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=<span>3306</span><span> \ </span>-DWITH_DEBUG=<span>0</span><span> \ </span>-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=<span>1</span><span> 回车执行，执行完成后继续执行 </span><span>make</span> && <span>make</span><span>install</span><span>#设置Mysql
#在support</span>-<span>files目录中有五个配置信息文件(这里很重要，一定要根据自己的内存复制对应的cnf文件，否则mysql始终起不来)：
#my</span>-small.cnf (内存<=<span>64M)
#my</span>-<span>medium.cnf (内存 128M)
#my</span>-<span>large.cnf (内存 512M)
#my</span>-huge.cnf (内存 1G-<span>2G)
#my</span>-innodb-heavy-<span>4G.cnf (内存 4GB)
cd </span>/usr/local/webserver/<span>mysql </span><span>cp</span> ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/<span>my.cnf 
vi </span>/etc/<span>my.cnf
#在 [mysqld] 段增加
datadir </span>=  /usr/local/webserver/mysql/<span>data </span><span>wait</span>-timeout = <span>30</span><span> max_connections </span>= <span>512</span><span> default</span>-storage-engine =<span> MyISAM
#在 [mysqld] 段修改
max_allowed_packet </span>=<span> 16M </span><span>//</span><span>添加mysql运行的用户和用户组</span><span>groupadd mysql
useradd </span>-g mysql mysql -s /bin/<span>false</span> -d /home/mysql <span>//</span><span>没有shell，不可本机登陆（安全起见）</span><span> cd </span>/usr/local/webserver/<span>mysql </span><span>chown</span> -<span>R root . </span><span>chown</span> -<span>R mysql data </span><span>chgrp</span> -<span>R mysql . </span><span>//</span><span>生成新的mysql授权表 </span><span>//</span><span>进入mysql安装目录下的脚本目录</span> cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/<span>scripts </span><span>//</span><span>利用mysql_install_db脚本生成新的mysql授权表</span> ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data --user=<span>mysql </span><span>//</span><span>mysql server在系统中的服务项设置 </span><span>//</span><span>复制服务文件并修改</span> cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/support-<span>files </span><span>cp</span><span> mysql.server mysqld </span><span>//</span><span>修改mysqld</span> basedir=/usr/local/webserver/<span>mysql
datadir</span>=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/<span>data </span><span>mv</span> mysqld /etc/init.d/<span>mysqld </span><span>chmod</span><span>755</span> /etc/init.d/<span>mysqld
进行上述操作后 我们可以用 service mysqld start 来启动mysql服务了 </span><span>//</span><span>设置软连接使mysql,  mysqldump,  mysqladmin这三个bin命令能在shell中直接运行</span><span>sudo</span><span>ln</span> -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/<span>bin </span><span>sudo</span><span>ln</span> -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqldump /usr/<span>bin </span><span>sudo</span><span>ln</span> -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin /usr/<span>bin </span><span>rm</span> -rf /etc/mysql/my.cnf 因为已经把此文件复制到/etc/<span>my.cnf  如果不删除的话，mysql启动不起来。 </span>/etc/init.d/<span>mysqld start </span><span>//</span><span>设置root密码</span> mysqladmin -u root password <span>"</span><span>admin</span><span>"</span><span>//</span><span>mysql数据库中文乱码解决</span> vi /etc/<span>my.cnf </span><span>//</span><span>然后在[mysqld]配置选项下添加</span> character-set-server=<span>utf8 </span><span>//</span><span>然后进入mysql</span> cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/<span>bin
mysql </span>-u root -<span>p
提示输入密码
mysql</span>> show variables like <span>'</span><span>%character%</span><span>'</span>;

#<span>tar</span> zxvf nginx-<span>0.8</span>.<span>24</span>.<span>tar</span><span>.gz
#cd nginx</span>-<span>0.8</span>.<span>24</span><span> #.</span>/configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx <span>//</span><span>此处在本环节只需指定一个路径</span> #<span>make</span> && <span>make</span><span>install</span><span> #</span>/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx <span>//</span><span>启Nginx</span><span> 编写服务脚本(服务脚本请勿复制 请在linux下写入 不然回车换行符会引起异常)
vi </span>/etc/init.d/<span>nginx

把下列内容写入文件并保存 <span>#</span></span><span>!/bin/bash 
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server 
# this script create it by gcec at 2009.10.22. 
# it is v.0.0.1 version. 
# if you find any errors on this scripts,please contact gcec cyz. 
# and send mail to support at gcec dot cc. 
# 
# chkconfig: - 85 15 
# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server. 
# It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone. 
# processname: nginx 
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid 
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 
nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  #这里设置为你安装nginx的执行文件位置
nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf  #这里设置为你nginx的配置文件位置
nginx_pid=/var/run/nginx.pid 
RETVAL=0 
prog="nginx" 
# Source function library. 
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions 
# Source networking configuration. 
. /etc/sysconfig/network 
# Check that networking is up. 
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0 
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0 
# Start nginx daemons functions. 
start() { 
if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then 
echo "nginx already running...." 
exit 1 
fi 
echo -n $"Starting $prog: " 
daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config} 
RETVAL=$? 
echo 
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx 
return $RETVAL 
} 
# Stop nginx daemons functions. 
stop() { 
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " 
killproc $nginxd 
RETVAL=$? 
echo 
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /var/run/nginx.pid 
} 
# reload nginx service functions. 
reload() { 
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " 
#kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}` 
killproc $nginxd -HUP 
RETVAL=$? 
echo 
} 
# See how we were called. 
case "$1" in 
start) 
start 
;; 
stop) 
stop 
;; 
reload) 
reload 
;; 
restart) 
stop 
start 
;; 
status) 
status $prog 
RETVAL=$? 
;; 
*) 
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}" 
exit 1 
esac</span><span><span>exit $RETVAL </span> 保存之后 赋予文件权限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx 

我们就可以通过service nginx start 来启动服务了 </span>

create user and group <span>for</span><span> fpm(fastcgi process manager)
groupadd fpm
useradd </span>--shell /sbin/nologin -<span>g fpm fpm

download, configure and </span><span>install</span> php5.<span>3.3</span><span>wget</span> http:<span>//</span><span>www.php.net/distributions/php-5.3.3.tar.gz</span><span>tar</span> zxvf php-<span>5.3</span>.<span>3</span>.<span>tar</span><span>.gz
cd php</span>-<span>5.3</span>.<span>3 </span>

<span>[直接复制]
./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/php  --enable-fpm  --with-fpm-user=fpm  --with-fpm-group=fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/lib --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --without-pdo-sqlite --without-sqlite3 --without-sqlite --with-curl --enable-mbstring --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --with-openssl --with-gd --enable-sockets --with-gettext --with-zlib --enable-zip --enable-soap --with-xmlrpc --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype --enable-gd-native-ttf </span> 
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><span>--disable-fileinfo</span>

<span>中途错误需要yum install几个依赖包 </span><span> [手敲版]
.</span>/configure --prefix=/usr/local/<span>php \ </span>--enable-<span>fpm \ </span>--with-fpm-user=<span>fpm \ </span>--with-fpm-group=<span>fpm \ <span>--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/lib     #这里是配置放php.ini的存放位置</span></span>--with-mysql=<span>mysqlnd \ </span>--with-mysqli=<span>mysqlnd \ </span>--with-pdo-mysql=<span>mysqlnd \ </span>--without-pdo-<span>sqlite \ </span>--without-<span>sqlite3 \ </span>--without-<span>sqlite \ </span>--with-mysql-sock=/tmp/<span>mysql.sock \ </span>--with-<span>curl \ </span>--enable-<span>mbstring \ </span>--with-<span>mhash \ </span>--with-<span>mcrypt \ </span>--with-<span>openssl \ </span>--with-<span>gd \ </span>--enable-<span>sockets \ </span>--with-<span>gettext \ </span>--with-<span>zlib \ </span>--enable-<span>zip</span><span> \ </span>--enable-<span>soap \ </span>--with-<span>xmlrpc \
--with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \ <span>--with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib64       #64位系统lib64 32位系统lib32 </span></span><span>make</span> && <span>make</span><span>install
 make出现错误</span>virtual memory exhausted: Cannot allocate memory<span>，在configure上加上–disable-fileinfo</span><span></span> 
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">如果出现mysql_config not found的错误
解决办法: vi /etc/profile 在最后加入一行 export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" 这个是你的mysql安装到的目录

<span>cp</span> /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
复制源码包里的php.ini-development到/usr/local/php/lib <span> vi php-fpm.conf
找到"listen="  修改为 listen = /dev/shm/php-fpm.sock (要求php版本5.3以上 该方式为使用sock文件监听)

cp</span> /backup/php-5.3.3/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
启动php
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm <span>如果设置路径正确，php.ini文件也存在，还无法加载php.ini的话 修改启动命令 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -c /etc/php.ini</span>编写服务脚本(服务脚本请勿复制 请在linux下写入 不然回车换行符会引起异常)
touch /etc/init.d/phpfpm
vim /etc/init.d/phpfpm

内容如下:

cat /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
查看端口 为 127.0.0.1:9000
修改nginx配置文件 /usr/local/nginx/conf/<span>nginx.conf </span><span># location / {    //一定要注掉这部分，否则会不解析PHP文件，而会下载 了 
#    root   html;  
#    index  index.html index.htm;  
#} </span><span></span>

<span><span>location </span></span><span>~ \.php {
 
　　root           　　　www;          #这是你网站的根目录
 
　　fastcgi_pass　　127.0.0.1:9000;            #这里指定了fastcgi进程侦听的端口,nginx就是通过这里与php交互的
       #</span>fastcgi_pass      unix:/dev/shm/php-fpm.sock;

<span>　　fastcgi_index　 index.php; 　　fastcgi_param　SCRIPT_FILENAME <span>$document_root</span>/</span><span><span>$fastcgi_script_name; 
   #因为SCRIPT_FILENAME在配置中是写死的并没有随着$doucument_root变化而变化，我们可以修改SCRIPT_FILENAME配置如下 </span></span> #fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;<span><span> 　　include       　　  fastcgi_params;        
 
}</span> 重启nginx服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
在/usr/local/nginx下创建www目录
mkdir www
新建一个index.php文件
cd www
vim index.php
写入<?php echo phpinfo();?>

访问服务器 如果起作用就说明配置成功</span>

<span>我想在centos里不启用图形界面
那么选择系统运行级别为2或者3的 推荐3 </span>在配置之前 我们先检查下 /etc/init.d中有没有我们mysql,php,nginx的服务脚本 如果没有的话 先配置再做下列操作

如以上 mysqld , nginx, phpfpm 这3个脚本都编写好 并且放入/etc/init.d下的话 我们来配置一下自启动
我想通过一个服务来启动这3个服务那么再写一个脚本就可以了

<span>mv /etc/init.d/mysqld /etc/init.d/webapp-mysqld</span><span>mv /etc/init.d/nginx /etc/init.d/webapp-nginx</span><span>mv /etc/init.d/phpfpm /etc/init.d/webapp-phpfpm</span><span>touch /etc/init.d/webapp</span><span>vim /etc/init.d/webapp</span>写入以下脚本