Pandas DataFrame のカンマ区切りの文字列を別々の行に分割するにはどうすればよいですか?

In [1]: df.explode('var1')
Out[1]:
  var1  var2 var3
0    a     1   XX
1    b     1   XX
2    c     1   XX
3    d     2   ZZ
4    e     2   ZZ
5    f     2   ZZ
6    x     2   ZZ
7    y     2   ZZ

import numpy as np

def explode(df, lst_cols, fill_value='', preserve_index=False):
    # Convert `lst_cols` to a list if it is a string.
    if isinstance(lst_cols, str):
        lst_cols = [lst_cols]

    # Calculate the lengths of each list in `lst_cols`.
    lens = df[lst_cols[0]].str.len()

    # Create a new index based on the lengths of the lists.
    idx = np.repeat(df.index.values, lens)

    # Create a new DataFrame with the exploded columns.
    exp_df = pd.DataFrame({
        col: np.repeat(df[col].values, lens)
        for col in df.columns.difference(lst_cols)
    }, index=idx).assign(**{
        col: np.concatenate(df.loc[lens > 0, col].values)
        for col in lst_cols
    })

    # Append rows with empty lists if necessary.
    if (lens == 0).any():
        exp_df = exp_df.append(df.loc[lens == 0, df.columns.difference(lst_cols)], sort=False).fillna(fill_value)

    # Revert the original index order and reset the index if requested.
    exp_df = exp_df.sort_index()
    if not preserve_index:
        exp_df = exp_df.reset_index(drop=True)

    return exp_df

In [2]: explode(df, 'var1')
Out[2]:
  var1  var2 var3
0    a     1   XX
1    b     1   XX
2    c     1   XX
3    d     2   ZZ
4    e     2   ZZ
5    f     2   ZZ
6    x     2   ZZ
7    y     2   ZZ