JavaScript のグローバル変数: 競合や汚染を回避するための代替手段は何ですか?

// Define a module
var FOO = (function() {
  // Private variables and functions here
  return {
    // Public functions and methods accessible outside the module
  };
})();

// Function assign value to a variable
function f(name) {
  var variable = name;
  return function() {
    // Inner function returns value of variable
    return variable;
  };
}

// Create a function that returns the value of variable
var ret = f("value");
alert(ret()); // Output: "value"

// Singleton class
var Singleton = (function() {
  var instance;
  function getInstance() {
    if (!instance) {
      instance = new Object();
    }
    return instance;
  }
  return {
    getInstance: getInstance
  };
})();

// Get instance of class
var globalVars = Singleton.getInstance();
// Set variable in instance
globalVars.variable = "value";
// Access variable later
alert(globalVars.variable); // Output: "value"