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Express JS と React JS unsing jwt による認証

Patricia Arquette
リリース: 2024-10-05 12:18:31
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Authentication with express js and react js unsing jwt

To create an authentication system using React.js on the frontend, Express.js on the backend we need to implement the following:

  • Frontend (React.js with Pulsy): Handle login and logout, maintain user authentication state, and persist tokens.
  • Backend (Express.js): Provide authentication endpoints (e.g., login, logout, user validation).

Step 1: Backend (Express.js) Setup

Let's start with the backend to handle user authentication and token generation.

Install Required Packages


npm install express bcryptjs jsonwebtoken cors


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Backend Code (Express.js)

Create an authController.js file to handle authentication logic:


// authController.js
const bcrypt = require('bcryptjs');
const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');

// Mock user data (in production, you would use a real database)
const users = [
  {
    id: 1,
    username: 'john',
    password: '$2a$10$O1s8iLKRLPbPqhc1uTquLO.xODTC1U/Z8xGoEDU6/Dc0PAQ3MkCKy', // hashed password for 'password123'
  },
];

// JWT Secret
const JWT_SECRET = 'supersecretkey';

exports.login = (req, res) => {
  const { username, password } = req.body;

  const user = users.find((u) => u.username === username);

  if (!user) {
    return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid credentials' });
  }

  bcrypt.compare(password, user.password, (err, isMatch) => {
    if (isMatch) {
      // Create a token
      const token = jwt.sign({ id: user.id, username: user.username }, JWT_SECRET, { expiresIn: '1h' });
      return res.json({ token });
    } else {
      return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid credentials' });
    }
  });
};

exports.validateToken = (req, res) => {
  const token = req.header('Authorization').replace('Bearer ', '');

  if (!token) {
    return res.status(401).json({ error: 'No token provided' });
  }

  try {
    const decoded = jwt.verify(token, JWT_SECRET);
    res.json({ user: { id: decoded.id, username: decoded.username } });
  } catch (err) {
    res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid token' });
  }
};


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Next, create the main server.js file for setting up Express:


// server.js
const express = require('express');
const cors = require('cors');
const { login, validateToken } = require('./authController');

const app = express();
app.use(express.json());
app.use(cors());

// Authentication routes
app.post('/api/login', login);
app.get('/api/validate', validateToken);

// Start the server
const PORT = 5000;
app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Server running on port ${PORT}`);
});


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  • POST /api/login: Authenticates a user and returns a JWT token.
  • GET /api/validate: Validates a token and returns the user info.

Step 2: Frontend (React.js with Pulsy)

Now let's set up the frontend using React.js and Pulsy to handle the authentication state.

Install Required Packages


npm install axios pulsy


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Pulsy Store Setup

We will create a Pulsy store to manage authentication state globally.


// authStore.js
import { createStore, addMiddleware } from 'pulsy';
import axios from 'axios';

// Create a store to hold the user and token
createStore('auth', {
  user: null,
  token: null,
}, { persist: true }); // Persist the auth state in localStorage

// Middleware to add Authorization header for authenticated requests
addMiddleware('auth', (nextValue, prevValue, storeName) => {
  if (nextValue.token) {
    axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = `Bearer ${nextValue.token}`;
  } else {
    delete axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'];
  }
  return nextValue;
});


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This store will persist the authentication state (user and token) and automatically apply the Authorization header for authenticated requests.

Authentication Functions

Create helper functions to handle login and validation requests:


// authService.js
import { setStoreValue } from 'pulsy';
import axios from 'axios';

const API_URL = 'http://localhost:5000/api';

export const login = async (username, password) => {
  try {
    const response = await axios.post(`${API_URL}/login`, { username, password });
    const { token } = response.data;

    // Set token and user info in Pulsy store
    setStoreValue('auth', { token, user: { username } });

    return true;
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Login failed', error);
    return false;
  }
};

export const validateToken = async () => {
  try {
    const response = await axios.get(`${API_URL}/validate`);
    const user = response.data.user;

    // Update the store with the user info
    setStoreValue('auth', { user, token: localStorage.getItem('auth_token') });
    return true;
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Token validation failed', error);
    return false;
  }
};

export const logout = () => {
  setStoreValue('auth', { user: null, token: null });
  localStorage.removeItem('pulsy_auth');
};


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Step 3: Create Authentication Components

Now let’s create the React components for login and authenticated views.

Login Component


// Login.js
import React, { useState } from 'react';
import { login } from './authService';

const Login = () => {
  const [username, setUsername] = useState('');
  const [password, setPassword] = useState('');
  const [error, setError] = useState('');

  const handleLogin = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    const success = await login(username, password);
    if (!success) {
      setError('Invalid credentials. Try again.');
    }
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <h2>Login</h2>
      <form onSubmit={handleLogin}>
        <input
          type="text"
          value={username}
          onChange={(e) => setUsername(e.target.value)}
          placeholder="Username"
          required
        />
        <input
          type="password"
          value={password}
          onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)}
          placeholder="Password"
          required
        />
        <button type="submit">Login</button>
      </form>
      {error && <p style={{ color: 'red' }}>{error}</p>}
    </div>
  );
};

export default Login;


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Authenticated Component


// Dashboard.js
import React from 'react';
import { usePulsy } from 'pulsy';
import { logout } from './authService';

const Dashboard = () => {
  const [auth] = usePulsy('auth');

  const handleLogout = () => {
    logout();
    window.location.reload(); // Simple page refresh to redirect to login
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <h2>Welcome, {auth.user.username}!</h2>
      <button onClick={handleLogout}>Logout</button>
    </div>
  );
};

export default Dashboard;


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Step 4: App Component

In the App.js component, you’ll want to check if the user is authenticated and conditionally render either the login or dashboard.


// App.js
import React, { useEffect } from 'react';
import { usePulsy } from 'pulsy';
import { validateToken } from './authService';
import Login from './Login';
import Dashboard from './Dashboard';

function App() {
  const [auth] = usePulsy('auth');

  useEffect(() => {
    // Check token validity on app load
    if (auth.token) {
      validateToken();
    }
  }, [auth.token]);

  return (
    <div className="App">
      {auth.user ? <Dashboard /> : <Login />}
    </div>
  );
}

export default App;


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Step 5: Run the Application

Now that we have both the backend and frontend set up, you can run the application.

  1. Start the Express server:

   node server.js


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  1. Start the React frontend:

   npm start


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Once both are running:

  • You can visit http://localhost:3000 to see the login page.
  • After logging in, the authentication token will be saved, and you'll be redirected to the dashboard.
  • If the token is valid, you stay logged in, otherwise, you will be redirected back to the login page.

Summary

This example shows how to integrate Pulsy with a React authentication system backed by an Express.js API. Pulsy helps you manage global state for authentication, including persistence of the authentication token and user data across sessions, making it a powerful and easy-to-use state management tool.

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