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How to set up IP forwarding on a Linux system? (sysctl Configuration)
To enable IP forwarding, you need to set net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 (IPv4) or net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1 (IPv6). For temporary effect, use sysctl-w. For persistence, you need to write /etc/sysctl.conf and run sysctl --system. Firewall rules and routing must also be configured.
Dec 30, 2025 am 02:19 AM
What is the difference between apt and apt-get in Linux?
aptisamodern,user-friendlytooldesignedforinteractiveusewithbettervisuals,whileapt-getremainspreferredforscriptingduetoitsstableoutput;bothusethesamebackendandhandlepackagesidentically,butdifferininterfaceandintendedusecase.
Dec 30, 2025 am 01:25 AM
How to Troubleshoot Network Connectivity in Linux? (ping & traceroute)
First use ping to check the connectivity: If localhost succeeds, the local stack is normal. If the gateway fails, check the physical connection or routing. If the external IP fails, check the DNS. Then use traceroute to locate the interrupted node. The timeout point is the fault point.
Dec 29, 2025 am 12:47 AM
How to configure network interfaces in Linux from the command line? (ip Command)
Use the ip command to configure the Linux network interface: check the status with ipaddrshow, add and delete IPs with ipaddradd/del, start and stop the interface with iplinksetup/down, and set the gateway route with iprouteadd/del. All changes must be written to the system configuration file to invalidate the restart.
Dec 29, 2025 am 12:22 AM
How to Install Fail2Ban to Protect Your Linux Server? (Configuration Example)
Three-step method to install and configure Fail2Ban: first use apt to install and enable the service; then securely configure SSH protection through jail.local (enable, set maxretry=3, bantime=1h, findtime=10m, ignoreip including local IP); finally restart the test to avoid locking up due to direct changes to jail.conf or missing ignoreip.
Dec 28, 2025 am 02:34 AM
How to list all USB devices connected to Linux? (lsusb Command)
Use the lsusb command to list all USB devices in the Linux system. You can get a tree-like overview of the bus, device number, manufacturer ID, product ID and description without root privileges. Add the -v or -t option to view detailed information or physical connection topology. Use -d, grep, etc. to filter the search. Combining -v with grep can also identify bound drivers.
Dec 28, 2025 am 12:23 AM
How to Search for Text Within Files in Linux Using grep? (Regex Examples)
Usegrepwithflagslike-i(case-insensitive),-n(linenumbers),-r(recursive),-w(wholeword),-E(extendedregex),-o(onlymatchingpart),-v(invert),and-c(count)toefficientlysearchtextinfileswithoutGUItools.
Dec 27, 2025 am 04:19 AM
How to Use the rsync Command to Sync Files in Linux? (Examples Included)
rsync is a command-line tool for efficiently synchronizing files and directories. It only transmits differences and supports compression, SSH encryption and fine control. Common options include -a (archive), -v (verbose output), -z (compression), --delete (delete redundant files) and --dry-run (simulate run).
Dec 27, 2025 am 03:11 AM
How to Secure Your SSH Server on Linux? (Best Practices Guide)
SSH security hardening needs to focus on four aspects: authentication, access control, encryption, and monitoring: enable key authentication, disable password login, restrict users/IPs and modify default ports, configure strong encryption algorithms and protocol v2, and combine fail2ban and log monitoring to defend against attacks.
Dec 26, 2025 am 04:46 AM
How to change a user's password in Linux? (passwd Command)
UsethepasswdcommandtochangepasswordssecurelyinLinux:runpasswdforyourownpassword(requirescurrentpassword),orsudopasswdusernameforothers(nocurrentpasswordneeded);rootcanlock/unlockaccountswith-l/-u,forceresetonnextloginwith-e,andcheckexpiryviachage-l.
Dec 26, 2025 am 04:40 AM
How to find the IP address of a Linux server? (ifconfig and ip addr)
It is recommended to use the ipaddr command to check the Linux server IP address. ip-4addr displays the IPv4 address, and the number after inet is the IP; ifconfig has been deprecated. If you want to use it, you must first install the net-tools tool package.
Dec 25, 2025 am 01:21 AM
How to Read a File Line by Line in a Linux Bash Script? (Code Snippet)
Files in Linux Bash scripts can be read line by line using the whileread loop. This method is reliable, can handle spaces correctly, and supports standard input or redirected files; the basic usage is: whileIFS=read-rline;doecho "$line";done.
Dec 25, 2025 am 12:49 AM
How to Configure a Static IP Address in Linux? (Configuration File Example)
To configure Linux static IP, you need to choose the corresponding method according to the release version: Debian/Ubuntu uses /etc/network/interfaces, RHEL/CentOS uses /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-, and systemd system can use /etc/systemd/network/.network; after editing, restart the corresponding network service and verify.
Dec 24, 2025 am 03:23 AM
How to Install Apache Web Server on Linux? (Step-by-Step Tutorial)
Apache can be installed directly through the package manager of each Linux distribution: sudoaptinstallapache2 for Ubuntu/Debian, sudodnfinstallhttpd for RHEL/CentOS8, and sudoyuminstallhttpd for older versions. After installation, you need to start systemctl and enable auto-start at boot, configure the firewall to release the HTTP port, and finally visit the default IP verification page.
Dec 24, 2025 am 01:42 AM
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