Solution to using sax to parse xml in java

In java, there are two ways to parse xml documents natively, namely: Dom parsing and Sax parsing

Dom parsing is powerful and can be added, deleted, modified and checked. During operation, the xml document will be treated as a document object. The method is read into the memory, so it is suitable for small documents

Sax parsing reads the content line by line and element by element from beginning to end. It is more inconvenient to modify, but it is suitable for large read-only documents

This article mainly explains Sax parsing, and the rest will be placed later

Sax uses an event-driven approach to parse documents. To put it simply, it is like watching a movie in a cinema. You can watch it from beginning to end without going back (Dom can read it back and forth)

In the process of watching a movie, every time you encounter a plot, A tear, a shoulder rub, you will mobilize your brain and nerves to receive or process this information

Similarly, during the parsing process of Sax, when the beginning and end of the document are read, the beginning and end of the element will trigger some Callback methods, you can perform corresponding event processing in these callback methods

These four methods are: startDocument(), endDocument(), startElement(), endElement

In addition, light reading It is not enough to go to the node. We also need the characters() method to carefully process the content contained in the element.

Collecting these callback methods forms a class, which is the trigger we need.

Generally, the document is read from the Main method, but the document is processed in the trigger. This is the so-called event-driven parsing method.

As shown above, in In the trigger, the document is first read, and then the elements are parsed one by one. The content of each element will be returned to the characters() method

Then the element reading is ended. After all elements are read, the document is ended. Analysis

Now we start to create the trigger class. To create this class, we first need to inherit DefaultHandler

Create SaxHandler and override the corresponding method:

import org.xml.sax.Attributes; 
import org.xml.sax.SAXException; 
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; 

  
public class SaxHandler extends DefaultHandler { 

    /* 此方法有三个参数 
       arg0是传回来的字符数组，其包含元素内容 
       arg1和arg2分别是数组的开始位置和结束位置 */ 
    @Override 
    public void characters(char[] arg0, int arg1, int arg2) throws SAXException { 
        String content = new String(arg0, arg1, arg2); 
        System.out.println(content); 
        super.characters(arg0, arg1, arg2); 
    } 

    @Override 
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException { 
        System.out.println("\n…………结束解析文档…………"); 
        super.endDocument(); 
    } 

    /* arg0是名称空间 
       arg1是包含名称空间的标签，如果没有名称空间，则为空 
       arg2是不包含名称空间的标签 */ 
    @Override 
    public void endElement(String arg0, String arg1, String arg2) 
            throws SAXException { 
        System.out.println("结束解析元素  " + arg2); 
        super.endElement(arg0, arg1, arg2); 
    } 

    @Override 
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException { 
        System.out.println("…………开始解析文档…………\n"); 
        super.startDocument(); 
    } 

    /*arg0是名称空间 
      arg1是包含名称空间的标签，如果没有名称空间，则为空 
      arg2是不包含名称空间的标签 
      arg3很明显是属性的集合 */
    @Override
    public void startElement(String arg0, String arg1, String arg2, 
            Attributes arg3) throws SAXException { 
        System.out.println("开始解析元素 " + arg2); 
        if (arg3 != null) { 
            for (int i = 0; i < arg3.getLength(); i++) { 
                 // getQName()是获取属性名称， 
                System.out.print(arg3.getQName(i) + "=\"" + arg3.getValue(i) + "\""); 
            } 
        } 
        System.out.print(arg2 + ":"); 
        super.startElement(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3); 
    } 
}

XML document:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<books>  
   <book id="001">  
      <title>Harry Potter</title>  
      <author>J K. Rowling</author>  
   </book>  
   <book id="002">  
      <title>Learning XML</title>  
      <author>Erik T. Ray</author>  
   </book>  
</books>

TestDemo test class:

import java.io.File; 

import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; 
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; 

  
public class TestDemo { 

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 
        // 1.实例化SAXParserFactory对象 
        SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); 
        // 2.创建解析器 
        SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser(); 
        // 3.获取需要解析的文档，生成解析器,最后解析文档 
        File f = new File("books.xml"); 
        SaxHandler dh = new SaxHandler(); 
        parser.parse(f, dh); 
    } 
}

Output result:

…………开始解析文档………… 

开始解析元素 books 
books:  

开始解析元素 book 
id="001"book:  

开始解析元素 title 
title:Harry Potter 
结束解析元素  title 

        
开始解析元素 author 
author:J K. Rowling 
结束解析元素  author 

     
结束解析元素  book 

     
开始解析元素 book 
id="002"book:  

开始解析元素 title 
title:Learning XML 
结束解析元素  title 

        
开始解析元素 author 
author:Erik T. Ray 
结束解析元素  author 

     
结束解析元素  book 

  
结束解析元素  books 

…………结束解析文档…………

Although the above shows the execution process correctly, the output is very messy

For more clarity To execute this process, we can also rewrite SaxHandler to restore the original xml document

Rewritten SaxHandler class:

import org.xml.sax.Attributes; 
import org.xml.sax.SAXException; 
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; 

  
public class SaxHandler extends DefaultHandler { 

    @Override
    public void characters(char[] arg0, int arg1, int arg2) throws SAXException { 
        System.out.print(new String(arg0, arg1, arg2)); 
        super.characters(arg0, arg1, arg2); 
    } 

    @Override
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException { 
        System.out.println("\n结束解析"); 
        super.endDocument(); 
    } 

    @Override
    public void endElement(String arg0, String arg1, String arg2) 
            throws SAXException { 
        System.out.print("</"); 
        System.out.print(arg2); 
        System.out.print(">"); 
        super.endElement(arg0, arg1, arg2); 
    } 

    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException { 
        System.out.println("开始解析"); 
        String s = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"; 
        System.out.println(s); 
        super.startDocument(); 
    } 

    @Override
    public void startElement(String arg0, String arg1, String arg2, 
            Attributes arg3) throws SAXException { 

        System.out.print("<"); 
        System.out.print(arg2); 

        if (arg3 != null) { 
            for (int i = 0; i < arg3.getLength(); i++) { 
                System.out.print(" " + arg3.getQName(i) + "=\"" + arg3.getValue(i) + "\""); 
            } 
        } 
        System.out.print(">"); 
        super.startElement(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3); 
    } 

}

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