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How to Make a Website Fullscreen with the HTML5 API? (JavaScript Code)
How to Make a Website Fullscreen with the HTML5 API? (JavaScript Code)
调用元素的requestFullscreen()方法可使其进入全屏，需用户手势触发且仅限安全上下文；通过document.fullscreenElement检测、document.exitFullscreen()退出，并用:fullscreen伪类调整样式。
To make a website or a specific element go fullscreen using the HTML5 Fullscreen API, you call the requestFullscreen() method on that element. Modern browsers support it with vendor prefixes in older versions, but today’s standard is clean and consistent.
Triggering Fullscreen on an Element
You can’t force the entire page into fullscreen automatically — it must be triggered by a user gesture (like a click). The most common approach is to target the <body> or a container element (e.g., a video player or dashboard wrapper).
- Call
element.requestFullscreen()— no parameters needed - Works on
<div>,<video>,<iframe>, and other visible elements - Only works in secure contexts (HTTPS or localhost)
Handling Browser Compatibility
While modern Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge support requestFullscreen() natively, legacy code sometimes checks for prefixed versions. You don’t need them for new projects, but here’s a safe wrapper if supporting older browsers:
function launchFullscreen(element) {
if (element.requestFullscreen) {
element.requestFullscreen();
} else if (element.mozRequestFullScreen) {
element.mozRequestFullScreen();
} else if (element.webkitRequestFullscreen) {
element.webkitRequestFullscreen();
} else if (element.msRequestFullscreen) {
element.msRequestFullscreen();
}
}
Then use it like: launchFullscreen(document.body).
Detecting and Exiting Fullscreen
You can check whether fullscreen is active via document.fullscreenElement (returns the element currently in fullscreen, or null). To exit:
- Call
document.exitFullscreen() - Listen for changes with the
fullscreenchangeevent ondocument - Style adjustments? Use the
:fullscreenCSS pseudo-class (e.g.,div:fullscreen { width: 100vw; height: 100vh; })
Important UX & Security Notes
Fullscreen isn’t just technical — it affects usability and browser policies:
- Must be initiated by a user action (click/tap), not onload or setTimeout
- Browsers show an exit hint (usually ESC key or top-bar button)
- Some mobile browsers limit or disable fullscreen for non-
<video>elements - Permissions may be blocked if requested too often or without context
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