How to work with XML data in Salesforce Apex

使用Dom类解析和构建XML，通过getRootElement遍历节点，处理命名空间与属性，结合try-catch确保健壮性，并将数据映射到Salesforce对象。

Working with XML data in Salesforce Apex involves parsing incoming XML, constructing XML for outbound communication, or transforming data between XML and Salesforce objects. While Apex doesn't have a full-featured built-in XML parser like DOM, it provides the Dom class to work with XML documents using a document object model approach.

Parsing XML Using the Dom Class

Salesforce's Dom.Document class allows you to parse and navigate XML content. You first create a document from an XML string, then traverse its elements and attributes.

Suppose you receive this XML:

<contacts>
  <contact>
    <name>John Doe</name>
    <email>john@example.com</email>
  </contact>
</contacts>

In Apex, parse it like this:

String xml = '<contacts><contact><name>John Doe</name><email>john@example.com</email></contact></contacts>';
Dom.Document doc = new Dom.Document();
doc.load(xml);

Dom.XMLNode contacts = doc.getRootElement();
for (Dom.XMLNode contact : contacts.getChildElements()) {
    String name = contact.getChildElement('name', null).getText();
    String email = contact.getChildElement('email', null).getText();
    
    // Create or update Contact record
    Contact c = new Contact(LastName = name.split(' ')[0], 
                           FirstName = name.split(' ').size() &gt; 1 ? name.split(' ')[1] : '',
                           Email = email);
    insert c;
}

Building XML for Outbound Calls

To send XML in HTTP callouts (e.g., to external systems), use the Dom.Document and Dom.XmlNode classes to construct the structure programmatically.

Dom.Document doc = new Dom.Document();
Dom.XmlNode request = doc.createRootElement('Request', '', '');
Dom.XmlNode user = request.addChildElement('User', '', '');
user.setAttribute('type', 'customer');
user.addChildElement('Name', '', '').addTextNode('Jane Smith');
user.addChildElement('Email', '', '').addTextNode('jane@example.com');

String xmlOutput = doc.toXml();
// Use xmlOutput in HttpRequest.setBody()

Handling Namespaces and Attributes

XML often includes namespaces and attributes. The Dom class supports these via parameters in methods like getChildElement() and getAttribute().

If your XML uses a namespace:

<data xmlns="http://example.com/schema">
  <item id="101">Value</item>
</data>

Access it like this:

String ns = 'http://example.com/schema';
Dom.XMLNode root = doc.getRootElement();
Dom.XMLNode item = root.getChildElement('item', ns);
String itemId = item.getAttribute('id', null);
String value = item.getText();

Best Practices and Considerations

• Always wrap XML parsing in try-catch blocks to handle malformed input.
• Avoid deep nesting in XML processing to prevent hitting governor limits on script statements.
• Use meaningful variable names when traversing complex XML structures.
• Validate expected elements before calling .getText() to avoid NullPointerExceptions.
• For simple XML, consider using String methods or JSON.deserializeUntyped as an alternative if format permits.

Basically, use the Dom class for structured XML handling, validate inputs, and keep logic clean when mapping to Salesforce records.

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