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Table of Contents
Creating a Stream
Intermediate Operations
Terminal Operations
Practical Example
Home Java javaTutorial How to use the Stream API in Java 8?

How to use the Stream API in Java 8?

Nov 29, 2025 am 03:06 AM
java 8

Java 8's Stream API provides a powerful and expressive way to handle sequences of elements in a functional style. 1. Streams can be created from collections, arrays, Stream.of() or builders; 2. Intermediate operations such as filter, map, sorted, etc. are evaluated lazily and return new streams; 3. Terminal operations such as forEach, collect, reduce trigger execution and produce results; 4. Example: Convert elements with a length greater than 4 in the name list to uppercase and sort, complete through chain calls; 5. Support parallel streams to improve performance.

How to use the Stream API in Java 8?

The Stream API in Java 8 provides a powerful and expressive way to process sequences of elements, such as collections, arrays, or I/O operations, in a functional style. It allows you to perform operations like filtering, mapping, and reducing data with clean, readable code.

Creating a Stream

You can create a stream from various sources:

  • From a collection: list.stream()
  • From an array: Arrays.stream(array)
  • Using Stream.of() : Stream.of(1, 2, 3)
  • Using builder: Stream. builder().add(1).add(2).build()

Intermediate Operations

These operations return a new stream and are lazily evaluated — they don't execute until a terminal operation is called.

  • filter(Predicate) : Keeps elements that match the condition. Example: stream.filter(x -> x > 5)
  • map(Function) : Transforms each element. Example: stream.map(String::toUpperCase)
  • flatMap(Function) : Flattens streams of streams. Example: stream.flatMap(list -> list.stream())
  • sorted() : Sorts elements (natural order or custom comparator)
  • distinct() , limit(n) , skip(n) : Handle uniqueness and slicing

Terminal Operations

These trigger the processing and produce a result or side effect.

  • forEach(Consumer) : Performs action on each element
  • collect(Collector) : Gathers results into a list, set, map, etc. Example: stream.collect(Collectors.toList())
  • reduce() : Combines elements into a single value Example: stream.reduce(0, (a,b) -> ab)
  • count() : Returns number of elements
  • findFirst() , anyMatch(Predicate) , etc.: Return optional or boolean

Practical Example

Suppose you have a list of names and want to get uppercase names longer than 4 characters, sorted:

List result = names.stream()
.filter(name -> name.length() > 4)
.map(String::toUpperCase)
.sorted()
.collect(Collectors.toList());

Basically just chain intermediate ops and end with a terminal one. Streams make data processing concise and less error-prone compared to loops. They also support parallel execution via parallelStream() when performance matters.

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