Qu'est-ce que le processus numéro 0 sous Linux ?

/*
 * Set up the first task table, touch at your own risk!. Base=0,
 * limit=0x1fffff (=2MB)
 */
struct task_struct init_task
= {
#ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
    .thread_info    = INIT_THREAD_INFO(init_task),
    .stack_refcount    = ATOMIC_INIT(1),
#endif
    .state        = 0,
    .stack        = init_stack,
    .usage        = ATOMIC_INIT(2),
    .flags        = PF_KTHREAD,
    .prio        = MAX_PRIO - 20,
    .static_prio    = MAX_PRIO - 20,
    .normal_prio    = MAX_PRIO - 20,
    .policy        = SCHED_NORMAL,
    .cpus_allowed    = CPU_MASK_ALL,
    .nr_cpus_allowed= NR_CPUS,
    .mm        = NULL,
    .active_mm    = &init_mm,
    .tasks        = LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_task.tasks),
    .ptraced    = LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_task.ptraced),
    .ptrace_entry    = LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_task.ptrace_entry),
    .real_parent    = &init_task,
    .parent        = &init_task,
    .children    = LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_task.children),
    .sibling    = LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_task.sibling),
    .group_leader    = &init_task,
    RCU_POINTER_INITIALIZER(real_cred, &init_cred),
    RCU_POINTER_INITIALIZER(cred, &init_cred),
    .comm        = INIT_TASK_COMM,
    .thread        = INIT_THREAD,
    .fs        = &init_fs,
    .files        = &init_files,
    .signal        = &init_signals,
    .sighand    = &init_sighand,
    .blocked    = {{0}},
    .alloc_lock    = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(init_task.alloc_lock),
    .journal_info    = NULL,
    INIT_CPU_TIMERS(init_task)
    .pi_lock    = __RAW_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(init_task.pi_lock),
    .timer_slack_ns = 50000, /* 50 usec default slack */
    .thread_pid    = &init_struct_pid,
    .thread_group    = LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_task.thread_group),
    .thread_node    = LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_signals.thread_head),
};
EXPORT_SYMBOL(init_task);

#define INIT_TASK_DATA(align)                        \
    . = ALIGN(align);                        \
    __start_init_task = .;                        \
    init_thread_union = .;                        \
    init_stack = .;                            \
    KEEP(*(.data..init_task))                    \
    KEEP(*(.data..init_thread_info))                \
    . = __start_init_task + THREAD_SIZE;                \
    __end_init_task = .;

/*
 * Kernel startup entry point.
 * ---------------------------
 *
 * The requirements are:
 *   MMU = off, D-cache = off, I-cache = on or off,
 *   x0 = physical address to the FDT blob.
 *
 * This code is mostly position independent so you call this at
 * __pa(PAGE_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET).
 *
 * Note that the callee-saved registers are used for storing variables
 * that are useful before the MMU is enabled. The allocations are described
 * in the entry routines.
 */
    /*
     * The following callee saved general purpose registers are used on the
     * primary lowlevel boot path:
     *
     *  Register   Scope                      Purpose
     *  x21        stext() .. start_kernel()  FDT pointer passed at boot in x0
     *  x23        stext() .. start_kernel()  physical misalignment/KASLR offset
     *  x28        __create_page_tables()     callee preserved temp register
     *  x19/x20    __primary_switch()         callee preserved temp registers
     */
ENTRY(stext)
    bl    preserve_boot_args
    bl    el2_setup            // Drop to EL1, w0=cpu_boot_mode
    adrp    x23, __PHYS_OFFSET
    and    x23, x23, MIN_KIMG_ALIGN - 1    // KASLR offset, defaults to 0
    bl    set_cpu_boot_mode_flag
    bl    __create_page_tables
    /*
     * The following calls CPU setup code, see arch/arm64/mm/proc.S for
     * details.
     * On return, the CPU will be ready for the MMU to be turned on and
     * the TCR will have been set.
     */
    bl    __cpu_setup            // initialise processor
    b    __primary_switch
ENDPROC(stext)

/*
 * The following fragment of code is executed with the MMU enabled.
 *
 *   x0 = __PHYS_OFFSET
 */
__primary_switched:
    adrp    x4, init_thread_union
    add    sp, x4, #THREAD_SIZE
    adr_l    x5, init_task
    msr    sp_el0, x5            // Save thread_info

    adr_l    x8, vectors            // load VBAR_EL1 with virtual
    msr    vbar_el1, x8            // vector table address
    isb

    stp    xzr, x30, [sp, #-16]!
    mov    x29, sp

    str_l    x21, __fdt_pointer, x5        // Save FDT pointer

    ldr_l    x4, kimage_vaddr        // Save the offset between
    sub    x4, x4, x0            // the kernel virtual and
    str_l    x4, kimage_voffset, x5        // physical mappings

    // Clear BSS
    adr_l    x0, __bss_start
    mov    x1, xzr
    adr_l    x2, __bss_stop
    sub    x2, x2, x0
    bl    __pi_memset
    dsb    ishst                // Make zero page visible to PTW

    add    sp, sp, #16
    mov    x29, #0
    mov    x30, #0
    b    start_kernel
ENDPROC(__primary_switched)

asmlinkage __visible void __init start_kernel(void)
{
    char *command_line;
    char *after_dashes;
    set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task);
    smp_setup_processor_id();
    debug_objects_early_init();
    cgroup_init_early();
    local_irq_disable();
    early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;
    /*
     * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
     * enable them.
     */
    boot_cpu_init();
    page_address_init();
    pr_notice("%s", linux_banner);
    setup_arch(&command_line);
    /*
     * Set up the the initial canary and entropy after arch
     * and after adding latent and command line entropy.
     */
    add_latent_entropy();
    add_device_randomness(command_line, strlen(command_line));
    boot_init_stack_canary();
    mm_init_cpumask(&init_mm);
    setup_command_line(command_line);
    setup_nr_cpu_ids();
    setup_per_cpu_areas();
    smp_prepare_boot_cpu();    /* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
    boot_cpu_hotplug_init();
    build_all_zonelists(NULL);
    page_alloc_init();
    。。。。。。。
    acpi_subsystem_init();
    arch_post_acpi_subsys_init();
    sfi_init_late();
    /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
    arch_call_rest_init();
}
void __init __weak arch_call_rest_init(void)
{
    rest_init();
}

noinline void __ref rest_init(void)
{
    struct task_struct *tsk;
    int pid;
    rcu_scheduler_starting();
    /*
     * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
     * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
     * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
     */
    pid = kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS);
    /*
     * Pin init on the boot CPU. Task migration is not properly working
     * until sched_init_smp() has been run. It will set the allowed
     * CPUs for init to the non isolated CPUs.
     */
    rcu_read_lock();
    tsk = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
    set_cpus_allowed_ptr(tsk, cpumask_of(smp_processor_id()));
    rcu_read_unlock();
    numa_default_policy();
    pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
    rcu_read_lock();
    kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
    rcu_read_unlock();
    /*
     * Enable might_sleep() and smp_processor_id() checks.
     * They cannot be enabled earlier because with CONFIG_PREEMPT=y
     * kernel_thread() would trigger might_sleep() splats. With
     * CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=y the init task might have scheduled
     * already, but it's stuck on the kthreadd_done completion.
     */
    system_state = SYSTEM_SCHEDULING;
    complete(&kthreadd_done);
}

static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
{
    int ret;
    kernel_init_freeable();
    /* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
    async_synchronize_full();
    ftrace_free_init_mem();
    free_initmem();
    mark_readonly();
    /*
     * Kernel mappings are now finalized - update the userspace page-table
     * to finalize PTI.
     */
    pti_finalize();
    system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
    numa_default_policy();
    rcu_end_inkernel_boot();
    if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
        ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
        if (!ret)
            return 0;
        pr_err("Failed to execute %s (error %d)\n",
               ramdisk_execute_command, ret);
    }
    /*
     * We try each of these until one succeeds.
     *
     * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
     * trying to recover a really broken machine.
     */
    if (execute_command) {
        ret = run_init_process(execute_command);
        if (!ret)
            return 0;
        panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d).",
              execute_command, ret);
    }
    if (!try_to_run_init_process("/sbin/init") ||
        !try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init") ||
        !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/init") ||
        !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/sh"))
        return 0;
    panic("No working init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. "
          "See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance.");
}

int kthreadd(void *unused)
{
    struct task_struct *tsk = current;
    /* Setup a clean context for our children to inherit. */
    set_task_comm(tsk, "kthreadd");
    ignore_signals(tsk);
    set_cpus_allowed_ptr(tsk, cpu_all_mask);
    set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_MEMORY]);
    current->flags |= PF_NOFREEZE;
    cgroup_init_kthreadd();
    for (;;) {
        set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
        if (list_empty(&kthread_create_list))
            schedule();
        __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
        spin_lock(&kthread_create_lock);
        while (!list_empty(&kthread_create_list)) {
            struct kthread_create_info *create;
            create = list_entry(kthread_create_list.next,
                        struct kthread_create_info, list);
            list_del_init(&create->list);
            spin_unlock(&kthread_create_lock);
            create_kthread(create);
            spin_lock(&kthread_create_lock);
        }
        spin_unlock(&kthread_create_lock);
    }
    return 0;
}

root@ubuntu:zhuxl$ ps -eF
UID         PID   PPID  C    SZ   RSS PSR STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 56317  5936   2 Feb16 ?        00:00:04 /sbin/init
root          2      0  0     0     0   1 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]

UID         PID   PPID  C    SZ   RSS PSR STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          4      2  0     0     0   0 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root          6      2  0     0     0   0 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [mm_percpu_wq]
root          7      2  0     0     0   0 Feb16 ?        00:00:10 [ksoftirqd/0]
root          8      2  0     0     0   1 Feb16 ?        00:02:11 [rcu_sched]
root          9      2  0     0     0   0 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_bh]
root         10      2  0     0     0   0 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [migration/0]
root         11      2  0     0     0   0 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
root         12      2  0     0     0   0 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [cpuhp/0]
root         13      2  0     0     0   1 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [cpuhp/1]
root         14      2  0     0     0   1 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [watchdog/1]
root         15      2  0     0     0   1 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [migration/1]
root         16      2  0     0     0   1 Feb16 ?        00:00:11 [ksoftirqd/1]
root         18      2  0     0     0   1 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/1:0H]
root         19      2  0     0     0   2 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [cpuhp/2]
root         20      2  0     0     0   2 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [watchdog/2]
root         21      2  0     0     0   2 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [migration/2]
root         22      2  0     0     0   2 Feb16 ?        00:00:11 [ksoftirqd/2]
root         24      2  0     0     0   2 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/2:0H]

UID         PID   PPID  C    SZ   RSS PSR STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root        362      1  0 21574  6136   2 Feb16 ?        00:00:03 /lib/systemd/systemd-journald
root        375      1  0 11906  2760   3 Feb16 ?        00:00:01 /lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
systemd+    417      1  0 17807  2116   3 Feb16 ?        00:00:02 /lib/systemd/systemd-resolved
systemd+    420      1  0 35997   788   3 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-timesyncd
root        487      1  0 43072  6060   0 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/networkd-dispatcher --run-startup-triggers
root        489      1  0  8268  2036   2 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/cron -f
root        490      1  0  1138   548   0 Feb16 ?        00:00:01 /usr/sbin/acpid
root        491      1  0 106816 3284   1 Feb16 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/ModemManager
root        506      1  0 27628  2132   2 Feb16 ?        00:00:01 /usr/sbin/irqbalance --foreground