Introduction aux fonctions courantes des listes Python

names = []               #定义空列表
names = ['a','b','c']    #定义非空列表

>>> names = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> names[0]          #访问第一个元素
'a'
>>> names[1]          #访问第二个元素
'b'
>>> names[-1]         #访问倒数第一个元素
'd'
>>> names[-2]         #访问倒数第二个元素
'c'

>>> names = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> names[1] = '1'       #对第二个元素进行修改
>>> names
['a', '1', 'c', 'd']

>>> li = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> li[1:3]    #取第二个到第四个之间的元素，包括第二个，不包括第四个
['b', 'c']
>>> li[1:-1]   #取第二个到最后一个之间的元素，包括第二个，不包括最后一个
['b', 'c']
>>> li[0:3]    #取第一个到第四个之间的元素，包括第一个，不包括第四个
['a', 'b', 'c']
>>> li[:3]     #取第一个到第四个之间的元素，同上
['a', 'b', 'c']
>>> li[3:]     #取第四个元素
['d']
>>> li[-1:]    #取最后一个元素
['d']
>>> li[0::2]   #从第一个元素开始，跳着一个取元素
['a', 'c']
>>> li[::2]    #同上
['a', 'c']

>>> names = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> names.append('e')
>>> names
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

>>> names = ['a','b','c','d','a']
>>> names.count('a')           #统计'a'元素的个数
2

>>> names1 = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> names2 = [1,2,3,4]
>>> names1.extend(names2)
>>> names1
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 1, 2, 3, 4]

>>> names = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> names.index('a')
0

>>> names = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> names.insert(0,'1')     #0表示需要插入的下标值，'1'表示插入的内容
>>> names
['1', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd']   #在下标值为0的地方插入'1'

#根据下标值删除元素
>>> names = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> del names[0] 
>>> names
['b', 'c', 'd']
#根据元素删除
>>> names = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> names.remove('a')
>>> names
['b', 'c', 'd']
#删除最后一个
>>> names = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> names.pop()
'd'
>>> names
['a', 'b', 'c']

>>> names = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> names.reverse()
>>> names
['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']  #将整个列表翻转过来

>>> names = [4,2,3,1]
>>> names.sort()
>>> names
[1, 2, 3, 4]