注:使用的是Python 2.7。
一个简单实现
if __name__ == '__main__':
foo1 = Foo.getinstance()
foo2 = Foo.getinstance()
print id(foo1)
print id(foo2)
print id(Foo())
换一个思路
先说一下init和new的区别:
if __name__ == '__main__':
foo = Foo()
new是一个类方法,会创建对象时调用。而init方法是在创建完对象后调用,对当前对象的实例做一些一些初始化,无返回值。如果重写了new而在new里面没有调用init或者没有返回实例,那么init将不起作用。以下内容引用自http://docs.python.org/2/reference/datamodel.html#object.new
If __new__() does not return an instance of cls, then the new instance's __init__() method will not be invoked.
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
print 'new'
if cls.__instance == None:
cls.__instance = cls.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
return cls.__instance
if __name__ == '__main__':
foo = Foo()
错误如下:
而这样也有一样的错误:
if __name__ == '__main__':
foo = Foo()
下面参考了http://stackoverflow.com/questions/31875/is-there-a-simple-elegant-way-to-define-singletons-in-python/31887#31887:
def hi(self):
print 'hi, world'
print 'hi, letian'
if __name__ == '__main__':
foo1 = Foo()
foo2 = Foo()
print id(foo1)
print id(foo2)
print isinstance(foo1, object)
print isinstance(foo1, Foo)
foo1.hi()
如果是一个继承链
class Foo(Fo):
__instance = None
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if not cls.__instance:
print Foo is cls
print issubclass(cls, Fo)
print issubclass(cls, object)
cls.__instance = super(Foo, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
return cls.__instance
def hi(self):
print 'hi, world'
if __name__ == '__main__':
foo1 = Foo()
foo1.hi()
print isinstance(foo1, Foo)
print isinstance(foo1, Fo)
print isinstance(foo1, object)