简体中文(ZH-CN) English(EN) 繁体中文(ZH-TW) 日本語(JA) 한국어(KO) Melayu(MS) Français(FR) Deutsch(DE)
Home > php教程 > php手册 > body text

PHP、Java、C#实现URI参数签名算法，确保应用与REST服务器之间的

WBOY
Release： 2016-06-06 19:44:20
Original
1742 people have browsed it

简介 应用基于HTTP POST或HTTP GET请求发送Open API调用请求时，为了确保应用与REST服务器之间的安全通信，防止Secret Key盗用、数据篡改等恶意攻击行为，REST服务器使用了参数签名机制。应用在调用Open API之前，需要为其所有请求参数计算一个MD5签名，并追

简介

应用基于HTTP POST或HTTP GET请求发送Open API调用请求时，为了确保应用与REST服务器之间的安全通信，防止Secret Key盗用、数据篡改等恶意攻击行为，REST服务器使用了参数签名机制。应用在调用Open API之前，需要为其所有请求参数计算一个MD5签名，并追加到请求参数中，参数名为“sign”。REST服务器在接收到请求时会重新计算签名，并判断其值是否与应用传递过来的sign参数值一致，以此判定当前Open API调用请求是否是被第三者伪造或篡改。

应用在调用Open API之前需要通过 OAuth2.0服务获得用户或平台的授权，获取到授权后将会拿到以下3个重要参数：

  • access_token：基于https调用Open API时所需要的访问授权码；
  • session_key：基于http调用Open API时所需要的访问授权码；
  • session_secret：基于http调用Open API时计算参数签名用的签名密钥。

其中，session_secret这个参数就是做参数签名时所需要的签名密钥。这与Facebook、人人网等平台稍微有所区别，这两个平台在做参数签名时所用的签名密钥一般有2个：

  • 如果是通过应用服务端调用Open API，则注册应用时所拿到的应用密钥（即API Key）就是参数签名密钥；
  • 如果是通过JavaScript、ActionScript等客户端语言调用Open API，则应用获取到用户授权后所拿到的Session Secret就是参数签名密钥。当然，通过服务端调用Open API时也可以用Session Secret作为签名密钥。

签名算法

假设参与参数签名计算的请求参数分别是“k1”、“k2”、“k3”，它们的值分别是“v1”、“v2”、“v3”，则参数签名计算方法如下：

  • 将请求参数格式化为“key=value”格式，即“k1=v1”、“k2=v2”、“k3=v3”；
  • 将格式化好的参数键值对以字典序升序排列后，拼接在一起，即“k1=v1k2=v2k3=v3”；
  • 在拼接好的字符串末尾追加上应用通过OAuth2.0协议获取Access Token时所获取到的session_secret参数值；
  • 上述字符串的MD5值即为签名的值。

注意：计算签名时的请求参数中不要包含sign（签名）参数，因为sign参数的值此时还不知道，有待计算。

另外，计算签名的时候不需要对参数进行urlencode处理（“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”编码），但是发送请求的时候需要进行urlencode处理，这是很多开发者最容易犯错的地方。

签名过程示例

假设某个应用需要获取某个uid为67411167的用户的基本资料，应用在之前的通过OAuth2.0服务获取Access Token的过程中所拿到的session_key和session_secret参数值分别为：

  • session_key: "9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A="
  • session_secret: "27e1be4fdcaa83d7f61c489994ff6ed6"

调用Open API时的系统时间（PHP中可以通过date('Y-m-d H:i:s')来获取当前系统时间）为"2011-06-21 17:18:09"，希望REST服务器以JSON格式返回调用结果，即相当于参与参数签名计算的请求参数集合为：

Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login






<span>[
    </span>"session_key" => "9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A="<span>,
    </span>"timestamp" => "2011-06-21 17:18:09"<span>,
    </span>"format" => "json"<span>,
    </span>"uid" => 67411167<span>
]</span>
Copy after login



 
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login


则计算签名的具体过程如下：


    

  • 将请求参数格式化为“key=value”格式，格式化后的请求参数集合为:
    • 







<span> [
    </span>"session_key=9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A="<span>,
    </span>"timestamp=2011-06-21 17:18:09"<span>,
    </span>"format=json"<span>,
    </span>"uid=67411167"<span>
 ]</span>
Copy after login



 
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login


    

  • 将格式化好的参数键值对以字典序升序排列，得到如下参数集：
    • 







<span> [
    </span>"format=json"<span>,
    </span>"session_key=9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A="<span>,
    </span>"timestamp=2011-06-21 17:18:09"<span>,
    </span>"uid=67411167"<span>
 ]</span>
Copy after login



 
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login


    

  • 将前面排序好的参数集拼接在一起，得到如下字符串:
    • 



format<span>=</span>jsonsession_key<span>=</span>9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A<span>=</span>timestamp<span>=</span><span>2011</span><span>-</span><span>06</span><span>-</span><span>21</span> <span>17</span><span>:</span><span>18</span><span>:</span>09uid<span>=</span><span>67411167</span>
Copy after login


    

  • 在拼接好的字符串末尾追加上应用通过OAuth2.0协议获取Access Token时所获取到的session_secret参数值，得到如下字符串：
    • 



format<span>=</span>jsonsession_key<span>=</span>9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A<span>=</span>timestamp<span>=</span><span>2011</span><span>-</span><span>06</span><span>-</span><span>21</span> <span>17</span><span>:</span><span>18</span><span>:</span>09uid<span>=</span>6741116727e1be4fdcaa83d7f61c489994ff6ed6
Copy after login


    

  • 对前面得到的字符串求MD5签名，得到的d24dd357a95a2579c410b3a92495f009就是调用API时所需要的sign参数值。
    • 



接下来便可以通过HTTP POST方法或HTTP GET方法请求Open API的REST服务器，进行接口调用了，如：






GET /rest/2.0/passport/users/getInfo?session_key=9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A%3D&timestamp=2011-06-21+17%3A18%3A09&format=json&uid=67411167&sign=d24dd357a95a2579c410b3a92495f009 HTTP/1.1<span>
Host: openapi.baidu.com
User</span>-<span>Agent: Client of Baidu Open Platform
Accept: </span>*<span>/*</span><span>
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset: utf-8
Connection: close

或
POST /rest/2.0/passport/users/getInfo HTTP/1.1
Host: openapi.baidu.com
User-Agent: Client of Baidu Open Platform
Accept: </span><span>*/</span>*<span>
Accept</span>-<span>Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept</span>-Charset: utf-8<span>
Content</span>-Length: 179<span>
Connection: close
 
session_key</span>=9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A%3D&timestamp=2011-06-21+17%3A18%3A09&format=json&uid=67411167&sign=d24dd357a95a2579c410b3a92495f009
Copy after login



 


签名算法实现代码


PHP代码实现


获取签名的PHP代码实现方式如下所示：






<span>/*</span><span>*
  * 签名生成算法
  * @param  array  $params API调用的请求参数集合的关联数组，不包含sign参数
  * @param  string $secret 签名的密钥即获取access token时返回的session secret
  * @return string 返回参数签名值
  </span><span>*/</span>
 <span>function</span> getSignature(<span>$params</span>, <span>$secret</span><span>)
 {
    </span><span>$str</span> = '';  <span>//</span><span>待签名字符串
    //先将参数以其参数名的字典序升序进行排序</span>
    <span>ksort</span>(<span>$params</span><span>);
    </span><span>//</span><span>遍历排序后的参数数组中的每一个key/value对</span>
    <span>foreach</span> (<span>$params</span> <span>as</span> <span>$k</span> => <span>$v</span><span>) {
        </span><span>//</span><span>为key/value对生成一个key=value格式的字符串，并拼接到待签名字符串后面</span>
        <span>$str</span> .= "<span>$k</span>=<span>$v</span>"<span>;
    }
    </span><span>//</span><span>将签名密钥拼接到签名字符串最后面</span>
    <span>$str</span> .= <span>$secret</span><span>;
    </span><span>//</span><span>通过md5算法为签名字符串生成一个md5签名，该签名就是我们要追加的sign参数值</span>
    <span>return</span> <span>md5</span>(<span>$str</span><span>);
 }</span>
Copy after login



 


调用示例：






<span>$uid</span> = 67411167<span>;
</span><span>$params</span> = <span>array</span><span>(
    </span>"session_key" => "9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A=",
    "timestamp" => "2011-06-21 17:18:09",
    "format" => "json",
    "uid" => <span>$uid</span>,<span>
);
</span><span>$sign</span> = getSignature(<span>$params</span>, "27e1be4fdcaa83d7f61c489994ff6ed6");
Copy after login



 
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login


Java代码实现


获取签名的java代码实现方式如下所示：


Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login






<span>/**</span><span>
 * 签名生成算法
 * </span><span>@param</span><span> HashMap<string> params 请求参数集，所有参数必须已转换为字符串类型
 * </string></span><span>@param</span><span> String secret 签名密钥
 * </span><span>@return</span><span> 签名
 * </span><span>@throws</span><span> IOException
 </span><span>*/</span>
<span>public</span> <span>static</span> String getSignature(HashMap<string> params, String secret) <span>throws</span><span> IOException
{
    </span><span>//</span><span> 先将参数以其参数名的字典序升序进行排序</span>
    Map<string string> sortedParams = <span>new</span> TreeMap<string string><span>(params);
    Set</span><entry string>> entrys =<span> sortedParams.entrySet();
 
    </span><span>//</span><span> 遍历排序后的字典，将所有参数按"key=value"格式拼接在一起</span>
    StringBuilder basestring = <span>new</span><span> StringBuilder();
    </span><span>for</span> (Entry<string string><span> param : entrys) {
        basestring.append(param.getKey()).append(</span>"="<span>).append(param.getValue());
    }
    basestring.append(secret);
 
    </span><span>//</span><span> 使用MD5对待签名串求签</span>
    <span>byte</span>[] bytes = <span>null</span><span>;
    </span><span>try</span><span> {
        MessageDigest md5 </span>= MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"<span>);
        bytes </span>= md5.digest(basestring.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"<span>));
    } </span><span>catch</span><span> (GeneralSecurityException ex) {
        </span><span>throw</span> <span>new</span><span> IOException(ex);
    }
 
    </span><span>//</span><span> 将MD5输出的二进制结果转换为小写的十六进制</span>
    StringBuilder sign = <span>new</span><span> StringBuilder();
    </span><span>for</span> (<span>int</span> i = 0; i ) {
        String hex = Integer.toHexString(bytes[i] & 0xFF<span>);
        </span><span>if</span> (hex.length() == 1<span>) {
            sign.append(</span>"0"<span>);
        }
        sign.append(hex);
    }
    </span><span>return</span><span> sign.toString();
}</span></string></entry></string></string></string>
Copy after login



Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login


 


Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login


注意：计算签名时所有参数的key和value都必须先转换为对应的字符串类型，因为在HTTP请求中传递的内容都是字符串类型的，很多开发者都因为没注意到这点，直接将非字符串类型的参数的二进制值传递了进去，结果导致签名与服务端计算的不一致而出错。


C#代码实现


获取签名的C#代码实现方式如下所示：


Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login






<span>///</span> <span><summary></summary></span>
<span>///</span><span> 计算参数签名
</span><span>///</span> <span></span>
<span>///</span> <span><param name="params"></span><span>请求参数集，所有参数必须已转换为字符串类型</span><span></span>
<span>///</span> <span><param name="secret"></span><span>签名密钥</span><span></span>
<span>///</span> <span><returns></returns></span><span>签名</span><span></span>
<span>public</span> <span>static</span> <span>string</span> getSignature(IDictionarystring, <span>string</span>> parameters, <span>string</span><span> secret)
{
    </span><span>//</span><span> 先将参数以其参数名的字典序升序进行排序</span>
    IDictionarystring, <span>string</span>> sortedParams = <span>new</span> SortedDictionarystring, <span>string</span>><span>(parameters);
    IEnumerator</span><keyvaluepair>string, <span>string</span>>> iterator=<span> sortedParams.GetEnumerator();
 
    </span><span>//</span><span> 遍历排序后的字典，将所有参数按"key=value"格式拼接在一起</span>
    StringBuilder basestring= <span>new</span><span> StringBuilder();
    </span><span>while</span><span> (iterator.MoveNext()) {
            </span><span>string</span> key =<span> iterator.Current.Key;
            </span><span>string</span> value =<span> iterator.Current.Value;
            </span><span>if</span> (!<span>string</span>.IsNullOrEmpty(key) && !<span>string</span><span>.IsNullOrEmpty(value)){
                basestring.Append(key).Append(</span><span>"</span><span>=</span><span>"</span><span>).Append(value);
            }
    }
    basestring.Append(secret);
 
    </span><span>//</span><span> 使用MD5对待签名串求签</span>
    MD5 md5 =<span> MD5.Create();
    </span><span>byte</span>[] bytes =<span> md5.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(basestring.ToString()));
 
    </span><span>//</span><span> 将MD5输出的二进制结果转换为小写的十六进制</span>
    StringBuilder result = <span>new</span><span> StringBuilder();
    </span><span>for</span> (<span>int</span> i = <span>0</span>; i ) {
            <span>string</span> hex = bytes[i].ToString(<span>"</span><span>x</span><span>"</span><span>);
            </span><span>if</span> (hex.Length == <span>1</span><span>) {
                result.Append(</span><span>"</span><span>0</span><span>"</span><span>);
            }
            result.Append(hex);
    }
 
    </span><span>return</span><span> result.ToString();
}</span></keyvaluepair>
Copy after login



Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login


 服务器接受请求后，同样对参数进行签名，如果签名相同则数据没有被修改或者丢失。


Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login


注意：计算签名时所有参数的key和value都必须先转换为对应的字符串类型，因为在HTTP请求中传递的内容都是字符串类型的，很多开发者都因为没注意到这点，直接将非字符串类型的参数的二进制值传递了进去，结果导致签名与服务端计算的不一致而出错。



                

            

            

                                

                    Related labels：
                    

                        java php uri parameter accomplish application make sure sign algorithm                    

                

                                
source：php.cn

                            

            

                                    
                        Previous article：PHP实现搜索相似图片
                    
                                    
                        Next article：从刷票了解获得客户端IP的方法
                    
                            

            

       
                
Statement of this Website

                
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

            

           

            

                
Latest Articles by Author

                
            

            

                
Latest Issues

                

                                        

                        

                            PHP arrays obtained from URL parameters do not behave as expected
                            I have a URL parameter that contains the category ID and I want to treat it as an array li...
                            

                                

                                     From 2024-04-06 22:09:02
                                

                                

                                    
  0 

                                    
1

                                    
1428

                                

                            

                        

                    

                    

                                        

                        

                            Where should I place CustomLog directive in apache
                            I'm using php:7.2-apachedocker. I need to disable health check url login access log. Based...
                            

                                

                                     From 2024-04-06 22:03:59
                                

                                

                                    
  0 

                                    
1

                                    
990

                                

                            

                        

                    

                    

                                        

                        

                            What is the format of the variables in the return value?
                            I am a new learner of php. I found a piece of code: if($x<time()){return[false,'error']...
                            

                                

                                     From 2024-04-06 21:55:20
                                

                                

                                    
  0 

                                    
1

                                    
778

                                

                            

                        

                    

                    

                                        

                        

                            Problems encountered when using opentbs to generate odt files: values ​​of the same key are displayed in the same row instead of separate columns.
                            I'm using a library called OpenTbs to create odt using PHP, I'm using it because columns a...
                            

                                

                                     From 2024-04-06 20:18:18
                                

                                

                                    
  0 

                                    
1

                                    
483

                                

                            

                        

                    

                    

                                        

                        

                            Group MySQL results by ID for looping over
                            I have a table with flight data in mysql. I'm writing a php code that will group and displ...
                            

                                

                                     From 2024-04-06 17:27:56
                                

                                

                                    
  0 

                                    
1

                                    
406

                                

                            

                        

                    

                    

                                    

            

            

                

                    
Related Topics

                    More>
                    
                

                

                    
                

            

        

    

    

        

            
Popular Recommendations

            

                
    
                                    

            

        

        
        

            

                
Popular Tutorials

                More>
                
            

            

                

                    
Related Tutorials 

                    
Popular Recommendations

                    
Latest courses

                

                
                
                
            

            
        


        

            

                
Latest Downloads

                More>
                
            

                        
            

                

                    
Web Effects 

                    
Website Source Code

                    
Website Materials

                    
Front End Template

                

                
                
                
                
            

            
        

    





    

        

            

                

                    

                        About us
                        Disclaimer
                        Sitemap
                        

                    

                    
php.cn：Public welfare online PHP training，Help PHP learners grow quickly！