python实现带验证码网站的自动登陆实现代码

WBOY
Release: 2016-06-06 11:20:46
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早听说用python做网络爬虫非常方便,正好这几天单位也有这样的需求,需要登陆XX网站下载部分文档,于是自己亲身试验了一番,效果还不错。

本例所登录的某网站需要提供用户名,密码和验证码,在此使用了python的urllib2直接登录网站并处理网站的Cookie。

Cookie的工作原理:
Cookie由服务端生成,然后发送给浏览器,浏览器会将Cookie保存在某个目录下的文本文件中。在下次请求同一网站时,会发送该Cookie给服务器,这样服务器就知道该用户是否合法以及是否需要重新登录。

Python提供了基本的cookielib库,在首次访问某页面时,cookie便会自动保存下来,之后访问其它页面便都会带有正常登录的Cookie了。

原理:

(1)激活cookie功能
(2)反“反盗链”,伪装成浏览器访问
(3)访问验证码链接,并将验证码图片下载到本地
(4)验证码的识别方案网上较多,python也有自己的图像处理库,此例调用了火车头采集器的OCR识别接口。
(5)表单的处理,可用fiddler等抓包工具获取需要提交的参数
(6)生成需要提交的数据,生成http请求并发送
(7)根据返回的js页面判断是否登陆成功
(8)登陆成功后下载其它页面

此例中使用多个账号轮询登陆,每个账号下载3个页面。

下载网址因为某些问题,就不透露了。

以下是部分代码:

#!usr/bin/env python #-*- coding: utf-8 -*- import os import urllib2 import urllib import cookielib import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Login in www.***.com.cn def ChinaBiddingLogin(url, username, password): # Enable cookie support for urllib2 cookiejar=cookielib.CookieJar() urlopener=urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookiejar)) urllib2.install_opener(urlopener) urlopener.addheaders.append(('Referer', 'http://www.chinabidding.com.cn/zbw/login/login.jsp')) urlopener.addheaders.append(('Accept-Language', 'zh-CN')) urlopener.addheaders.append(('Host', 'www.chinabidding.com.cn')) urlopener.addheaders.append(('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MISE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1); Trident/5.0')) urlopener.addheaders.append(('Connection', 'Keep-Alive')) print 'XXX Login......' imgurl=r'http://www.*****.com.cn/zbw/login/image.jsp' DownloadFile(imgurl, urlopener) authcode=raw_input('Please enter the authcode:') #authcode=VerifyingCodeRecognization(r"http://192.168.0.106/images/code.jpg") # Send login/password to the site and get the session cookie values={'login_id':username, 'opl':'op_login', 'login_passwd':password, 'login_check':authcode} urlcontent=urlopener.open(urllib2.Request(url, urllib.urlencode(values))) page=urlcontent.read(500000) # Make sure we are logged in, check the returned page content if page.find('login.jsp')!=-1: print 'Login failed with username=%s, password=%s and authcode=%s' \ % (username, password, authcode) return False else: print 'Login succeeded!' return True #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Download from fileUrl then save to fileToSave # Note: the fileUrl must be a valid file def DownloadFile(fileUrl, urlopener): isDownOk=False try: if fileUrl: outfile=open(r'/var/www/images/code.jpg', 'w') outfile.write(urlopener.open(urllib2.Request(fileUrl)).read()) outfile.close() isDownOK=True else: print 'ERROR: fileUrl is NULL!' except: isDownOK=False return isDownOK #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Verifying code recoginization def VerifyingCodeRecognization(imgurl): url=r'http://192.168.0.119:800/api?' user='admin' pwd='admin' model='ocr' ocrfile='cbi' values={'user':user, 'pwd':pwd, 'model':model, 'ocrfile':ocrfile, 'imgurl':imgurl} data=urllib.urlencode(values) try: url+=data urlcontent=urllib2.urlopen(url) except IOError: print '***ERROR: invalid URL (%s)' % url page=urlcontent.read(500000) # Parse the xml data and get the verifying code root=ET.fromstring(page) node_find=root.find('AddField') authcode=node_find.attrib['data'] return authcode #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Read users from configure file def ReadUsersFromFile(filename): users={} for eachLine in open(filename, 'r'): info=[w for w in eachLine.strip().split()] if len(info)==2: users[info[0]]=info[1] return users #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ def main(): login_page=r'http://www.***.com.cnlogin/login.jsp' download_page=r'http://www.***.com.cn***/***?record_id=' start_id=8593330 end_id=8595000 now_id=start_id Users=ReadUsersFromFile('users.conf') while True: for key in Users: if ChinaBiddingLogin(login_page, key, Users[key]): for i in range(3): pageUrl=download_page+'%d' % now_id urlcontent=urllib2.urlopen(pageUrl) filepath='./download/%s.html' % now_id f=open(filepath, 'w') f.write(urlcontent.read(500000)) f.close() now_id+=1 else: continue #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ if __name__=='__main__': main()
Copy after login

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