Use tools to explore the inner world of golang functions

pprof tool can help us analyze the inner working principle of Go function. We can use it to: obtain the function call graph and understand the calling relationship. Analyze function performance and identify bottlenecks. Optimize function memory allocation and reduce memory usage.

Use tools to explore the inner world of Go functions

Prerequisites:

• Go has been installed Programming language
• [pprof](https://github.com/google/pprof) installed Tools

Why do you need tools?

Debugging Go functions can be a painstaking process. The pprof tool helps us collect and analyze data about the performance and memory usage of running programs. By studying this data, we can understand the inner workings of a function and identify hidden performance bottlenecks.

Exploring inside the function

1. Get the function call graph:

package main import ( "log" "runtime/pprof" "time" ) func f1() { time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) f2() } func f2() { time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond) } func main() { //Profile函数调用 if err := pprof.StartCPUProfile(os.Stdout); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer pprof.StopCPUProfile() f1() }

Operation:

• Run the program:go run main.go
• Generate the call graph:go tool pprof -callgrind main.go cpu.pprof

2. Analysis function performance:

package main import ( "log" "os" "runtime/pprof" "time" ) func f1() { time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) f2() } func f2() { time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond) } func main() { //Profile程序性能 if err := pprof.StartCPUProfile(os.Stdout); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer pprof.StopCPUProfile() f1() }

Operation:

• Run the program:go run main.go
• Generate performance analysis:go tool pprof -web main.go cpu.pprof

Practical case:

Optimization function memory allocation:

package main import ( "fmt" "runtime/pprof" "strings" "time" ) func main() { //启动内存使用状况分析 if err := pprof.StartHeapProfile(os.Stdout); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } //使用带有大量字符串的切片 giantSlice := make([]string, 1000000) for i := range giantSlice { giantSlice[i] = strings.Repeat("hello", 100) } //暂停一段时间以显示内存使用情况 time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) //停止内存分析 pprof.StopHeapProfile() }

Operation:

• Run the program:go run main.go
• Generate memory usage analysis:go tool pprof -heap main.go mem.pprof

Conclusion:

By using the pprof tool, we can gain insight into the inner workings of Go functions. We can analyze function call graphs, performance and memory usage to help us optimize our code and identify performance bottlenecks.

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