C++ memory management: tracking memory allocation and deallocation

C Memory allocation and release tracking tools: The memory manager (such as the new and delete operators) is responsible for allocating and releasing memory. The debugger provides memory leak detection capabilities. 3. Third-party tool libraries (such as Valgrind and VTune Amplifier) ​​can help track memory usage.

C Memory Management: Tracking Memory Allocation and Release

Introduction

C It is a powerful programming language, but it requires programmers to manually manage memory. If memory is not managed correctly, it can cause program crashes, data corruption, or other unexpected behavior.

Tools

To help track memory allocation and deallocation, C provides some useful tools:

• Memory Manager : The memory manager is responsible for allocating and releasing memory. The new and delete operators are the most commonly used memory managers in C.
• Debugger: The debugger can help track memory allocations and deallocations through a feature called "Memory Leak Detection".
• Tool libraries: There are also many third-party tool libraries that can help track memory usage, such as Valgrind (Linux/Mac) and VTune Amplifier (Windows/Linux).

Practical Case

The following example demonstrates how to use Valgrind to track memory allocation and release:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <valgrind/valgrind.h>

int main()
{
    // 分配内存
    int* ptr = new int;

    // 使用内存
    *ptr = 42;
    std::cout << *ptr << std::endl;

    // 释放内存
    delete ptr;

    return 0;
}

Run this program and use Valgrind Debugging:

valgrind --leak-check=full ./my_program

The output shows whether the program caused a memory leak:

==22685== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==22685== Copyright (C) 2002-2023, and GNU GPL'd by, Nicholas Nethercote et al.
==22685== Using Valgrind-3.19.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==22685== Command: ./my_program
==22685==
==22685== HEAP SUMMARY:
==22685==     in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==22685==   total heap usage: 1 allocs, 1 frees, 4 bytes allocated
==22685==
==22685== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==22685==
==22685== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==22685== Use --track-origins=yes to see where unfreed objects were allocated
==22685== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)

In this case, the output indicates that the program has correctly freed all allocated memory.

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