Best practices for error handling in golang functions

GoLang function error handling best practices include: using the error variable to receive errors; checking nil values ​​to determine whether there is an error; using the errors package to create custom error messages; using the defer recovery mechanism to handle panics; practical cases demonstrate these best practices Practice the application of CSV conversion JSON function.

GoLang Function Error Handling Best Practices

When handling errors in GoLang, there are several best practices to ensure that your code is robust and easy to maintain. Let's explore some of the most common techniques:

Using error Variables

The error type in GoLang represents any error that may occur during function operation . These errors should be received using the error variable and handled carefully. The following example demonstrates this:

func divide(a, b int) (float64, error) {
    if b == 0 {
        return 0, errors.New("divisor cannot be zero")
    }
    return float64(a) / float64(b), nil
}

Check nil

error The value can be nil, indicating no error. Therefore, when using the error variable, it is important to check nil to determine if an error exists. For example:

if err != nil {
    // 处理错误（打印、记录等）
}

Using the errors package

GoLang’s errors package provides useful functions for creating and handling errors. Particularly useful for creating custom error messages:

import "errors"

// 创建自定义错误类型
var MyError = errors.New("my custom error")

defer The recovery mechanism

defer statement allows you to delay the execution of an operation until the function returns. It is often used in conjunction with the recover() built-in function in order to recover from panics and handle errors:

func recoverExample() {
    defer func() {
        if err := recover(); err != nil {
            // 处理从恐慌中恢复的错误
        }
    }()
    // 代码可能导致恐慌
}

Practical Case

Let us consider a CSV file that converts A function for a JSON object that uses the above best practices:

import (
    "encoding/csv"
    "errors"
    "io"
    "strconv"
)

// 将 CSV 文件转换成 JSON 对象
func CSVtoJSON(csvReader io.Reader) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
    csvData, err := csv.NewReader(csvReader).ReadAll()
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    data := make(map[string]interface{})
    for _, row := range csvData {
        name := row[0]
        value := row[1]
        if _, ok := data[name]; ok {
            return nil, errors.New("duplicate key: " + name)
        }
        // 将 string 转换为 float64
        floatValue, err := strconv.ParseFloat(value, 64)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }
        data[name] = floatValue
    }
    return data, nil
}

By following these best practices, you can ensure that errors are handled in a robust and efficient manner in your GoLang functions.

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