Advanced exception handling using Go language

In Go, best practices for handling advanced exceptions include using the try-catch-finally statement to handle exceptions. Create custom error types to provide more meaningful exception information. Pass an error value to track the source of the exception. Use panic and recovery to handle critical errors.

Advanced Exception Handling with Go

Handling exceptions in Go is crucial, it helps keep your code clean and ensures that when something happens The application will not crash on error. This article will focus on the best practices of advanced exception handling in Go and illustrate it through practical cases.

try-catch-finally Statement

try-catch-finally The statement is the standard way to handle exceptions. The try block contains code that may throw an exception, while the catch block is executed after an exception occurs. finally The block is always executed regardless of whether an exception occurs.

func divide(a, b int) (int, error) {
    if b == 0 {
        return 0, errors.New("division by zero")
    }
    return a / b, nil
}

func main() {
    result, err := divide(10, 2)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error:", err)
    } else {
        fmt.Println("Result:", result)
    }
}

Custom error types

Creating custom error types in Go is very simple, just implement the error interface.

type MyError struct {
    message string
}

func (e MyError) Error() string {
    return e.message
}

Custom error types allow you to provide more meaningful information for exceptions.

Error propagation

Passing errors in Go is very important because it allows you to track the source of the exception. Error values ​​can be stored in variables or passed as function arguments.

func getFromDB(id int) (string, error) {
    row := db.QueryRow("SELECT name FROM users WHERE id = ?", id)
    var name string
    err := row.Scan(&name)
    if err != nil {
        return "", err
    }
    return name, nil
}

func processUser(id int) error {
    name, err := getFromDB(id)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    fmt.Println("User name:", name)
    return nil
}

Panic and Recovery

Panic is a response to a serious error that causes the program to exit unexpectedly. You can use the panic function to cause a panic and the recover function to recover from a panic.

func checkPassword(password string) {
    if len(password) < 8 {
        panic("password too short")
    }
}

func main() {
    defer func() {
        if r := recover(); r != nil {
            fmt.Println("Error:", r)
        }
    }()
    checkPassword("notstrong")
}

Practical case

The following is a practical case of using Go to handle exceptions:

• File reading:Usetry- The catch statement handles file read errors.
• Database Operations: Use custom error types to provide meaningful exceptions for database operations.
• API Calls: Use error delivery to track API call exceptions.
• Concurrent tasks: Use panic and recovery to handle exceptions in concurrent tasks.

Conclusion

Mastering advanced exception handling techniques is critical to writing robust and reliable Go code. By leveraging try-catch-finally statements, custom error types, error delivery, panics, and recoveries, you can handle exceptions efficiently and keep your code organized and easy to maintain.

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