Linux system consists of the following parts: Kernel: manages hardware resources and provides an interface for interacting with hardware. Application: Provides functionality for user interaction and performing specific tasks. File system: stores files and directories, and manages file permissions and access control. Shell: Allows users to interact with the system and run commands and create scripts. Desktop environment: Provides a graphical user interface to manage programs, files, and settings.
Components and functions of the Linux system
Linux is a free and open source operating system that consists of a kernel and A set of applications.
The kernel
- is responsible for managing hardware resources such as CPU, memory and storage.
- Provides an interface for interacting with hardware, allowing applications to access hardware functions.
- Scheduling processes and allocating resources to ensure that all processes have a chance to run.
Application
- Provides functionality for user interaction and performance of specific tasks.
- For example, web browsers, office suites, image editors, and command line utilities.
File system
- A hierarchical structure that organizes and stores files and directories.
- Provides file permission management and access control.
- Linux supports multiple file systems, such as EXT4 and Btrfs.
Shell
- A command interpreter that allows the user to interact with the system.
- Provides an interface that allows users to run commands, create scripts and process files.
- Common shells include Bash, Zsh and Tcsh.
Desktop environment
- Provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to manage programs, files, and settings.
- Includes desktop, taskbar, file manager and window manager.
- For example, GNOME, KDE and Xfce.
Drivers
- Allow the operating system to communicate with specific hardware devices.
- Provides the functions and features of hardware devices.
- For example, display card driver, printer driver and network card driver.
Other components
- init system:Manage the system startup and shutdown process.
- Daemon process:A program that runs in the background to perform specific tasks, such as a web server or database.
- Library:Contains shared code and functionality for use by applications.
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