Go memory leak tracking: Go pprof practical guide
pprof tool can be used to analyze the memory usage of Go applications and detect memory leaks. It provides memory profile generation, memory leak identification and real-time analysis capabilities. Generate a memory snapshot by using pprof.Parse and identify the data structures with the most memory allocations using the pprof -allocspace command. At the same time, pprof supports real-time analysis and provides endpoints to remotely access memory usage information.
Go pprof: Memory Leak Tracking Guide
Memory leaks are common problems during the development process, and in serious cases may cause the application to Crashes or performance degradation. Go provides a tool called pprof for analyzing and detecting memory leaks.
pprof Tools
pprof is a set of command line tools that can be used to generate memory profiles of applications and analyze and visualize memory usage. pprof provides multiple configurations for customizing memory profiling for different situations.
Installation
To install pprof, run the following command:
go install github.com/google/pprof/cmd/pprof
Usage
To generate For memory profiling, you can use the pprof.Parse function, which accepts a running application as input and generates a memory snapshot file:
import _ "net/http/pprof"
func main() {
// ...程序代码...
// 生成内存快照
f, err := os.Create("mem.pprof")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
_ = pprof.WriteHeapProfile(f)
// ...更多程序代码...
}Analyze memory leaks
The generated memory snapshot file can be analyzed using the pprof -allocspace command. This command identifies the memory allocated to different data structures and sorts them by allocation size.
For example, to see which data structures take up the most memory, you can use the following command:
pprof -allocspace -top mem.pprof
Real-time analysis
pprof also supports real-time analysis , which allows you to track your application's memory usage and receive notifications when leaks occur. To enable real-time analysis, import the net/http/pprof package into your application:
import _ "net/http/pprof"
This will start an HTTP server that provides various endpoints to analyze memory usage . It can be accessed by accessing the endpoint at http://localhost:6060/debug/pprof/.
Practical Case
Suppose we have a cache structure in a Go application that uses mapping to store key-value pairs:
type Cache struct {
data map[string]interface{}
}We may find a memory leak in the cache structure because the map key retains a reference to the value even if we no longer need the value.
To solve this problem, we can use so-called "weak references", which allow the reference to a value to be automatically released when the value is not used by the garbage collector.
import "sync/atomic"
// 使用原子 int 来跟踪值的引用次数
type WeakRef struct {
refCount int32
}
type Cache struct {
data map[string]*WeakRef
}
func (c *Cache) Get(key string) interface{} {
ref := c.data[key]
if ref == nil {
return nil
}
// 增添对弱引用值的引用次数
atomic.AddInt32(&ref.refCount, 1)
return ref.v
}
func (c *Cache) Set(key string, value interface{}) {
ref := new(WeakRef)
// 将值包装在弱引用中
c.data[key] = ref
ref.v = value
// 标记对弱引用值的引用
atomic.StoreInt32(&ref.refCount, 1)
}In the above code, we use an atomic int to track the number of references to a weak reference value. When the value is no longer needed, the reference count is reduced to 0 and the weak reference is garbage collected. This may resolve a memory leak in the cache structure.
The above is the detailed content of Go memory leak tracking: Go pprof practical guide. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
Hot AI Tools
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
What is the standard project layout for a Go application?
Aug 02, 2025 pm 02:31 PM
The answer is: Go applications do not have a mandatory project layout, but the community generally adopts a standard structure to improve maintainability and scalability. 1.cmd/ stores the program entrance, each subdirectory corresponds to an executable file, such as cmd/myapp/main.go; 2.internal/ stores private code, cannot be imported by external modules, and is used to encapsulate business logic and services; 3.pkg/ stores publicly reusable libraries for importing other projects; 4.api/ optionally stores OpenAPI, Protobuf and other API definition files; 5.config/, scripts/, and web/ store configuration files, scripts and web resources respectively; 6. The root directory contains go.mod and go.sum
How do you read a file line by line in Go?
Aug 02, 2025 am 05:17 AM
Using bufio.Scanner is the most common and efficient method in Go to read files line by line, and is suitable for handling scenarios such as large files, log parsing or configuration files. 1. Open the file using os.Open and make sure to close the file via deferfile.Close(). 2. Create a scanner instance through bufio.NewScanner. 3. Call scanner.Scan() in the for loop to read line by line until false is returned to indicate that the end of the file is reached or an error occurs. 4. Use scanner.Text() to get the current line content (excluding newline characters). 5. Check scanner.Err() after the loop is over to catch possible read errors. This method has memory effect
How do you handle routing in a Go web application?
Aug 02, 2025 am 06:49 AM
Routing in Go applications depends on project complexity. 1. The standard library net/httpServeMux is suitable for simple applications, without external dependencies and is lightweight, but does not support URL parameters and advanced matching; 2. Third-party routers such as Chi provide middleware, path parameters and nested routing, which is suitable for modular design; 3. Gin has excellent performance, built-in JSON processing and rich functions, which is suitable for APIs and microservices. It should be selected based on whether flexibility, performance or functional integration is required. Small projects use standard libraries, medium and large projects recommend Chi or Gin, and finally achieve smooth expansion from simple to complex.
How do you use conditional statements like if-else in Go?
Aug 02, 2025 pm 03:16 PM
The if-else statement in Go does not require brackets but must use curly braces. It supports initializing variables in if to limit scope. The conditions can be judged through the elseif chain, which is often used for error checking. The combination of variable declaration and conditions can improve the simplicity and security of the code.
How do you declare constants in Go?
Aug 02, 2025 pm 04:21 PM
In Go, constants are declared using the const keyword, and the value cannot be changed, and can be of no type or type; 1. A single constant declaration such as constPi=3.14159; 2. Multiple constant declarations in the block are such as const(Pi=3.14159; Language="Go"; IsCool=true); 3. Explicit type constants such as constSecondsInMinuteint=60; 4. Use iota to generate enumeration values, such as const(Sunday=iota;Monday;Tuesday) will assign values 0, 1, and 2 in sequence, and iota can be used for expressions such as bit operations; constants must determine the value at compile time,
How do you parse command-line flags in Go?
Aug 02, 2025 pm 04:24 PM
Go's flag package can easily parse command line parameters. 1. Use flag.Type() to define type flags such as strings, integers, and booleans; 2. You can parse flags to variables through flag.TypeVar() to avoid pointer operations; 3. After calling flag.Parse(), use flag.Args() to obtain subsequent positional parameters; 4. Implementing the flag.Value interface can support custom types to meet most simple CLI requirements. Complex scenarios can be replaced by spf13/cobra library.
What does the go run command do?
Aug 03, 2025 am 03:49 AM
gorun is a command for quickly compiling and executing Go programs. 1. It completes compilation and running in one step, generates temporary executable files and deletes them after the program is finished; 2. It is suitable for independent programs containing main functions, which are easy to develop and test; 3. It supports multi-file operation, and can be executed through gorun*.go or lists all files; 4. It automatically processes dependencies and uses the module system to parse external packages; 5. It is not suitable for libraries or packages, and does not generate persistent binary files. Therefore, it is suitable for rapid testing during scripts, learning and frequent modifications. It is an efficient and concise way of running.
How to connect to a SQL database in Go?
Aug 03, 2025 am 09:31 AM
To connect to SQL databases in Go, you need to use the database/sql package and a specific database driver. 1. Import database/sql packages and drivers (such as github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql), note that underscores before the drivers indicate that they are only used for initialization; 2. Use sql.Open("mysql","user:password@tcp(localhost:3306)/dbname") to create a database handle, and call db.Ping() to verify the connection; 3. Use db.Query() to execute query, and db.Exec() to execute
