Master the key skills of Go language interface development

When learning Go language interface development, it is very important to master key skills. This article will introduce some key techniques and help readers better understand through specific code examples.

1. Basic concept of interface

In Go language, interface is an abstract data type that defines a set of methods. Any type that implements this set of methods can be said to implement this interface. The definition of the interface is as follows:

type MyInterface interface {
    Method1() string
    Method2() int
}

In this example, MyInterface is an interface that contains two methods Method1 and Method2. Any type that implements these two methods can be used as the MyInterface type.

2. Implementation of interface

The implementation of interface refers to how a specific type implements the methods defined in the interface. The following is an example of implementing an interface:

type MyStruct struct {
    data string
}

func (m MyStruct) Method1() string {
    return m.data
}

func (m MyStruct) Method2() int {
    return len(m.data)
}

In this example, the MyStruct type implements Method1 and ## in the MyInterface interface #Method2Method.

3. Polymorphism of interfaces

func PrintData(i MyInterface) {
    fmt.Println(i.Method1())
    fmt.Println(i.Method2())
}

func main() {
    s := MyStruct{data: "hello"}
    PrintData(s)
}

PrintData function that accepts a parameter of type MyInterface and calls its method. In the main function, we create a variable s of type MyStruct and pass it as a parameter to the PrintData function. Since the MyStruct type implements the MyInterface interface, it can be passed to the PrintData function.

4. Empty interface

var i interface{}
i = 42
fmt.Println(i)

i = "hello"
fmt.Println(i)

interface{} type variable i, and then convert integers and strings respectively Assign a value to it and print out its value.

5. Type assertion

var i interface{}
i = "hello"
s, ok := i.(string)
if ok {
    fmt.Println(s)
}

i, and then use type assertions to convert it to the string type and print it out.

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