What are the database connection methods in Go language?

As a powerful programming language, Go language has rich database connection methods to facilitate developers to perform database operations in applications. In the Go language, common database connection methods mainly include using native database drivers and using ORM frameworks. These two methods will be introduced in detail below, with specific code examples.

1. Use native database driver

The Go language provides native database connection functions through the database/sql package in the standard library. Developers can Directly operate the database. The following takes the MySQL database as an example to demonstrate how to use the native database driver to connect to the database:

package main

import (
    "database/sql"
    "fmt"
    _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)

func main() {
    // 连接MySQL数据库
    db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "username:password@tcp(localhost:3306)/database_name")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("数据库连接失败：", err)
        return
    }
    defer db.Close()

    // 执行SQL查询
    rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM users")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("查询失败：", err)
        return
    }
    defer rows.Close()

    // 遍历查询结果
    for rows.Next() {
        var id int
        var name string
        err := rows.Scan(&id, &name)
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println("数据解析失败：", err)
            return
        }
        fmt.Printf("ID: %d, Name: %s
", id, name)
    }
}

In the above code, first connect to the MySQL database through the sql.Open function, and then through db .Queryperforms the query operation and parses the query results through the rows.Scan method.

2. Use ORM framework

In addition to native database drivers, Go language also supports multiple ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) frameworks, such as GORM, XORM, etc. These frameworks can simplify database operations and allow developers to more conveniently perform operations such as additions, deletions, modifications, and searches. The following takes GORM as an example to demonstrate how to use the ORM framework to connect to the database:

First, you need to introduce the GORM library into the Go project:

go get -u gorm.io/gorm
go get -u gorm.io/driver/mysql

Then write the following code example:

package main

import (
    "gorm.io/driver/mysql"
    "gorm.io/gorm"
    "fmt"
)

type User struct {
    ID   uint
    Name string
}

func main() {
    // 连接MySQL数据库
    dsn := "username:password@tcp(localhost:3306)/database_name"
    db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("数据库连接失败：", err)
        return
    }
    
    // 自动迁移数据库表结构
    db.AutoMigrate(&User{})
    
    // 创建用户
    user := User{Name: "Alice"}
    result := db.Create(&user)
    if result.Error != nil {
        fmt.Println("创建用户失败：", result.Error)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println("创建用户成功")
}

In the above code, the MySQL database is first connected through the gorm.Open function, then the database table structure is automatically created through the db.AutoMigrate method, and finally through the db.CreateCreate user data.

Through the above introduction, it can be seen that the Go language has a variety of database connection methods, and developers can choose the appropriate method to perform database operations according to specific needs.

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