Detailed explanation of the basic structure and usage of Go language functions

Detailed explanation of the basic structure and usage of Go language functions

Go language is an elegant and efficient programming language, and its functions are one of the basic building blocks for building programs. one. Functions have very flexible and powerful functions in the Go language. This article will introduce the basic structure and usage of Go language functions in detail, and illustrate them with specific code examples.

1. The basic structure of the function

In the Go language, the basic structure of the function is as follows:

func 函数名(参数列表) 返回值类型 {
    // 函数体
}

Among them, the func keyword is used When declaring a function, the function name represents the identifier of the function, the parameter list is used to receive the parameters passed into the function, and the return value type represents the data type returned after the function is executed.

The parameter list of a function can contain zero or more parameters. Each parameter consists of a parameter name and a parameter type. Multiple parameters are separated by commas, for example:

func add(x int, y int) int {
    return x + y
}

The return of the function The value type can be a single data type or multiple data types. Use commas to separate multiple return values, for example:

func divide(x int, y int) (int, error) {
    if y == 0 {
        return 0, errors.New("division by zero")
    }
    return x / y, nil
}

2. Function usage

1. Function Calling

In the Go language, the method of calling a function is very simple. You only need to use the function name plus the parameter list to call, for example:

result := add(5, 3)
fmt.Println(result) // 输出：8

2. Anonymous function

In the Go language, you can define an anonymous function directly inside the function and call it, for example:

func main() {
    add := func(x, y int) int {
        return x + y
    }
    result := add(3, 7)
    fmt.Println(result) // 输出：10
}

3. Function as parameter

In the Go language, a function can be passed as a parameter to another function. This method is called a function callback, for example:

func compute(fn func(int, int) int) {
    result := fn(10, 5)
    fmt.Println(result)
}

func add(x, y int) int {
    return x + y
}

func main() {
    compute(add) // 输出：15
}

4. Function as return value

In the Go language, a function can also be used as the return value of another function, for example:

func getAddFunction() func(int, int) int {
    return add
}

func main() {
    addFunc := getAddFunction()
    result := addFunc(2, 3)
    fmt.Println(result) // 输出：5
}

Summary

Through the above introduction, we understand the basic structure of the Go language function And usage, including function definition, call, anonymous function, function as parameter and function as return value, etc. Functions are a very important concept in the Go language. Mastering the use of functions will help improve the readability and maintainability of the code. I hope this article will be helpful to everyone.

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