The meaning of the file/directory structure in Linux systems for applications

1. In the Linux system, different colors of files/directories also represent different meanings. Generally, there are the following colors:

Interpretation of the directory structure of the application/It is located at the top floor of the directory structure, similar to c: in Windows, and contains all directory files in Linux.

/bin

/bin directory is also called the two's complement directory and contains the two's complement image of the Linux command used. Store various types of executable files.

/boot

boot stores system core files and files for startup reading

/dev

Files that store external device codes are quite special. Linux command location files actually point to the peripheral devices they represent, such as terminals, disk drives, optical drives, printers, etc. You can access those external devices no differently than accessing a file or a directory

/etc

directory is the center of the entire Linux system, which contains all system management and maintenance configuration files, such as dhcpd.conf, host.conf, logrotate.conf, man.config, mke2fs.conf, modprobe.conf, resolv. Other configuration files such as conf, sysctl.conf, syslog.conf (or rsyslog.conf), xinetd.conf, and yum.conf are located in separate subdirectories.

/lib

directory stores necessary runtime libraries, mainly programming language libraries. Typical Linux operating systems include C, C and Fortran

library file. Applications developed in this language can use this programming language library file. This enables software developers to leverage these pre-written and tested functions.

/mnt

This directory is the default file system temporary mount point. This is a universal mount point that can temporarily mount any file system or remote resource. The system administrator executes the mount command to complete the loading work. In the system, this directory contains the mount points of the hard disk, disk and optical drive.

/proc

The root directory of the process file system proc. Some of the files correspond to the running process and can be used to access the address space of the current process. It is a very special virtual file system that does not contain "actual" files, but can be used to reference system information of the current running system, such as CPU, memory, running time, software configuration and hardware configuration information. The information is formed by the system itself in the video memory.

/opt

directory is used to install additional software packages. Hongqi linux6.0 tutorial linux system programming. The user calls the software package program and places it in the directory /opt/package_name/bin. package_name is the name of the installation package.

/root

The home directory of the super user root (In Linux systems, the slash character "/" is the root directory of the entire system, not the home directory of the super user.)

/usr

/usr: This is the largest directory. Almost all the applications and files we need to use are stored in this directory.

/var

/var is used to store many changing files, such as log files, etc. Contains log files, planned tasks, text messages, etc.

2. File operations:

Step into /File:

 cd / 

pwd represents displaying the current directory path

    pwd

mkdir creates a new directory and creates a folder

Create a directory (folder) named test

mkdir test

Under the test folder, in the directory where the log is created

 mkdir test/log

Create two file directories, testA and testB respectively, under the test folder

mkdir -p /test/testA  /test/testB

cd changes working directory

Step into /test/log

 cd /test/log

Return to the previous level

      cd ..

Go back to the previous two floors

     cd ../..

Touch creates a file and creates a **.** file

Create a mytest.txt file

touch mytest.txt

Create two txt files named testA and testB

 touch testA.txt  testB.txt

ls displays the contents of the directory and views all files in the current folder

View the specific attributes of all files in the current folder (permissions, owner, file size, date)

ls -l

View all files starting with test (testA, testB) in the current file directory

 ls -l test*

mv connects and renames directories and files in the current directory

Rename file

 mv A B

Connect testA.txt in the current directory to the /test/testA directory

  mv testA.txt  /test/testA

将当前的testB.txt联通到/test/testB目录下，但是重命名为testBBB.txt

 mv testB.txt  /test/testB/testBBB.txt

将testA.txt和testBBB.txt文件重新移回/test/log文件夹下(一起写，而且会一个一个联通，错误不回滚)

 mv  /test/testA/testA.tx   /test/testB/testBBB.txt  -t  /test/log

cp复制文件或则目录

将/test/log目录下的文件testA.txt复制到/test/testA目录下

            cp /test/log/testA.txt  /test/testA

将/test/log目录复制到/test/testA目录下

cp -r /test/log  /test/testA

tar打包、压缩、备份

将mytest.txt打包，（不压缩），为log_test.tar

 tar -cvf log_test.tar mytest.txt

将本文件夹下的mytest.txt、testA.txt、testBBB.txt合并打包而且压缩到log_all.tar.gz

 tar  -zcvf  log_all.tar.gz  mytest.txt  testA.txt  testBBB.txt

解压缩log_test.tar(不压缩的)

 tar -xvf log_test.tar

解压缩log_all.tar.gz(压缩后的)

  tar -zxvf log_all.tar.gz

rm删掉文件或则目录

删掉文件linux 命令定位文件，有删掉确认

 rm   /test/testB/mytest.txt

强删文件，无删掉确认

 rm -f  /test/testB/mytest.txt

强删目录，无删掉确认（慎用）

  rm -rf /test/log

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